Compare the ways Old Man, Old Man and Warning Deal with the theme of old age Essay Example for Free

Compare the ways old Man, Old Man and Warning come with the theme of old age EssayThe U.A. Fanthorpe poem, Old Man, Old Man and J Josephs Warning, deal with the theme of old age in very distinguish ways. Both deal with similar issues, yet come out with very different views. The first thing we see in both poems is the immediate specter represent. Old Man, Old Man, starts talking of someone who lives in a world of small recalcitrant / Things in bottles, with tacky labels, while Warning begins with the colourful moving picture that When I am an old woman I shall wear purple / With a red hat which doesnt go, and doesnt suit me. Purple and red tend to provoke a vivid and lurid tone, and the immediate contrast between the two sets the character in Old Man, Old Man as being privy and isolated, living in his own confined world, while in Warning we see the author looking forward to old age, seeing it a beat for enjoyment of life.Old Man, Old Man continues to explain to the reade r how old age brings deterioration and isolation to people, talking of how small things distress and having his hands walk among clues, implying that old age brings more constraint and misery to a person, while we see that in Warning the coming of old age will check the author an excuse to break societys constraints, such as dressing strangely and wasting money on brandy and summer glovesand say weve no money for furtherter.A strong sense of bitterness and melancholy is created in Old Man, Old Man as the author describes a regimented, authoritarian past world, which has gradually budge state into a narrow, emotionless one. The man is seen to be upset by small incidents, have a deteriorating sense of humour and vision, and, despite his age, is still attempting to impose state on his world with his timetabled cigarette. The mans previous interests are be bittied by using sarcastic phrases such as Lord once of shed, garage and garden, showing us that this man used to only be abl e to control his environment, and now he has lost the hammer, he cannot even do this.The traditional view of eccentricity is portrayed in both poems, however, Joseph also adds an element of exemption, showing her rebellion against taste and sobriety. Her excitement is shown in the language with the excessive use of the word and as good as the enjamberment, which stress the enthusiasm she has, and showing her to be breaking free of the rules of language in the same way she will break free from the rules of society. advance rebellion is shown as she talks of running her stick along the public railings and learn to spit. Sprawling sentences such as You can wear terrible shirts and evoke more fat / And eat three pounds of sausages at a go portray her excitement, as well as anticipation. Use of words such as I, and shall give a sense of force and individuality.Both poems have a similar mental synthesis, as they move from past to present in their tense. In Old Man, Old Man, we see a m ove to the present as Fanthorpe writes Now television has no power to arouse / Your surliness your wife could replace on the walls / Those picture of disinherited children. This not only suggests the man has rage pent up inside, but also poses the question as to why the children have been disinherited their fathers love. The description continues as Fanthorpe says Now you ramble / In your talkfretting / At how to find your way. We see here that the man is slipping into a loss of control, and a change of personality.In contrast to this, we see Warning describing a present of constraints while she remains in the sobriety ofyouth. Joseph describes to us the way in which Now we must(prenominal) have clothes that keep us dry / And pay our rent and not swear in the street. The word must shows a lack of freedom and constraint in present existence. This verse is designed as a contrast to the previous verse, which had concentrated on the promises of old age. A sense of ascendance is port rayed as Joseph lists all the constraints she has in her life. While Old Man, Old Man had showed a deterioration from a more happy existence to a worthless one, Warning tends to show one that has begun with constraint and will end with happiness and freedom.In the final verses of Old Man, Old Man, we see a round points, where the daughter (and author) intervenes, showing that he has literally and metaphorically lost his way in the world with the phrase Where is Drury Lane? In the final verse, we see a slight raise of the grim tone, as we can see Fanthorpe prefers her father in this softer, less threatening manner, as the two have become more equal in terms of power. This is shown with the phrase I love / Your helplessness and Let me find your hammer. Let me / Walk with you to Drury Lane. This marks a point in the poem where the theme is now the relationship with the daughter and father rather than just the father.In a similar way, Warning changes in its theme towards the end, but n ot for the same tone. We see in the final verse Josephs confidence wane slightly, as she says Maybe I out to practise a little nowSo people who know me are not too shocked and surprised / When suddenly I am old, and start to wear purple. This provides a relatively placidness ending, almost an anticlimax, to a colourful, liberated poem, as the tone becomes more restrained and the drive of her dream starts to lose pace. Circularity is also shown as the first and close lines of the poem both talk of wearing purple.In conclusion, both poems take different views in addressing old age, and even though some elements in structure are similar, both contain inherently different views, as Old Man, Old Man is a melancholy remainder of the deterioration the old go through, while Warning shows a more bright outlook, explaining the opportunities and liberation that will follow with the coming of old age. This may be to do with the fact that in Old Man, Old Man, Fanthorpe describes what she has p reviously seen, while in Warning Joseph is merely hypothesising what life may be like in the future.

Ethics - Morality Essay Example for Free

moral philosophy Morality EssayIntroduction Based on parliamentary laws ethics, justnesss be created and implemented by governments to mediate in our relationships with each other. Laws are made by governments in order to protect its citizens. The judiciary, legislature, and public officials are the three main bodies in a government that are assigned to the task of the creation of laws. Laws have to be approved and written by these three branches of government before they are implemented and enforced by the police and the military, with the help of the legal system consisting of lawyers and other government servants. While laws carry with them a punishment for violations, ethics does not.In ethics everything depends on the persons conscience and self worth. Driving carefully and within the speed limit because you dont want to scathe someone is ethical, equitable now if you drive slowly because you see a police car behind you, this suggests your fear of breaking the law and being punished for it. morals comes from within a persons clean sense and desire to preserve his self respect. It is not as strict as laws. Laws are codifications of reliable ethical values meant to help regulate society, and punishments for breaking them can be harsh and sometimes even break ethical standards. efficacious and Ethics BehaviorsLegal behavior refers to the variations in the degree of governmental social control of ones behavior for instance not obeying the traffic laws. Ethical behavior on the other mess is being in accordance with the accepted principles of right and wrong which govern the conduct of a profession. For example dealing badly with your female employees is unethical but not illegal. In an ideal society however legal and ethical standards/laws should be the same. Ethical behavior means characterized by honesty, fairness and equity in interpersonal, and nonrecreational academic relationships and in research and scholarly activities.Ethical behavi or respects the dignity, diversity and rights of individuals and groups of people. DEFINITION OF ETHICS * In general, ethics is a moral philosophy where a person makes a specific moral choice and sticks to it. DEFINITION OF LAW * Law is a legal system comprising of rules and principles that govern the personal business of a community and controlled by a political authority. Law differs from one country to another. Differentiate in between legal and ethical behaviors. Law Ethics * Punishment * No punishment * Cannot be enforced independently * Can be enforced independently * Legal standards are negative. * Ethical standards are more positive. * Control by government * Guideline from parent or teacher * Law only doing what is legal. * Ethics is doing the right thing. * Must be follow * excess to follow * Universals * Depends On Country A certain behavior could be legal but not ethical. Example like at below * Lying. * Abortion. * celluloid contraception. * Sleeping in class whe n teacher teaching. * Littering in public places. * Loud music when midnight. * Spitting in public places. * Read her/him diary without he/she approve. * whatsoeverplace into other peoples rooms. * Using horn at the area hospital Engineers Role in Ethics.Engineers use of goods and services in ethics is hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. So engineers need learn engineering ethics. engineering science Ethics is the study of moral issues and decisions confronting individuals and organization engaged in engineering. wherefore Is Engineering Ethics Important? * sensitizes us to moral issues faced in the workplace * engineering Choices can affect public safety * employer or immaterial forces such as time and cost impact decisions * laws do not cover all areas involving ethical choices * helps one learn to avoid issues before they proceed * recognizes there are gray areas governing our behavior.Engineering ethics is the field of applied ethics and system of moral principles that apply to the practice of engineering. The field examines and sets the obligations by engineers to society, to their clients, and to the profession. As a scholarly discipline, it is closely related to subjects such as the philosophy of science, the philosophy of engineering, and the ethics of technology. Engineering ethics also is professional ethics, as opposed to personal morality. It sets the standards for professional practice, and is only learned in a professional school or in professional practice.It is an essential part of professional education because it helps students deal with issues they will face in professional practice. The best way to teach engineering ethics is by using casesnot just the disaster cases that make the news, but the kinds of cases that an engineer is more likely to encounter. Many cases are available, and there are methods for analyzing them. Engineering ethics can be taught in a free-standing course, but there are strong argument s for introducing ethics in technical courses as well. Engineering is something that engineers do, and what they do has profound effects on others.Engineering ethics is an essential aspect of engineering itself and education in professional responsibilities should be part of professional education in engineering, just as it is in law and medicine. Engineering organizations role in promoting ethical behavior Leaders ability to motivate subordinates plays a key role in maintaining an ethical organization. Motivation is a force within the individual that focuses his or her behavior toward achieving a goal. To create motivation, an organization offers incentives to encourage employees to work toward organizational objectives.Understanding motivation is important to the effective management of people, and it also helps explain their ethical behavior. For example, a person who aspires to higher positions in an organization may dampen a coworkers project so as to make that person look ba d. This unethical behavior is directly related to the first employees competition (motivation) to rise in the organization. Recruitment and selection procedures are can use to influence the character of their employees in organization. Conclusion 1. Legal is the law of the Land, Ethic is the law of a Good/ Kind Heart 2. Ethics are rules of conduct.Laws are rules developed by governments in order to provide balance in society and protection to its citizens. 3. Ethics are moral codes which every person must conform to. Laws are codifications of ethics meant to regulate society. 4. Ethics does not carry any punishment to anyone who violates it. The law will punish anyone who happens to violate it. 5. Ethics comes from within a persons moral values. Laws are made with ethics as a guiding principle. References 1. http//www. linkedin. com 2. http//quizlet. com 3. http//www. ehow. com 4. http//www. differencebetween. net 5. http//engineering. missouri. edu.

Muslim Commercial Bank Limited

Muslim Commercial parsimonys desire limitedMCB deposit is the abbreviation of Muslim Commercial Bank Limited and it was established by the Adamje group on 9 July 1947, under the Indian follow Act, Vll of 1913 as a association limited. This strand is established in view to provide the banking inst exclusivelyment to the condescension community of the South Asia. This bank was nationalized in 1974 and at that time president of Pakistan was Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. This was the first bank to be privatized in 1991 and the bank was purchased by the Nishat throng. In the 2008, the Nishat convocation holds the majority of the sh bes of this Bank. At that time MR. Atif Bajwa is the president of the Bank and that person is previously working with the Citi Bank.Nishat Group was founded in 1951. Nishat Group is the leading and most widely separated line of reasoning Groups in Pakistan. The presence of Nishat Group in the measurable business sectors of the surface argona like Banking, Textile, cement and insurance. Mian Muhmmad Mansha is the proprietor of the Nishat Group. The comp whatsoever has fixed and current assets of everywhere 300billion and this company were included in one of the top five companies of the Pakistan. Mian Mansha played a very important economic consumption in the success of the bank. The Govt. of the Pakistan gave him Sitara-e-imtiaz and this is the most prestigious civil award of the sphere. If we cope a look on the total asset of the bank that is 72,052,258 in border 2010 and if we take a look on the previous assets that was 69,740,013 we estimate that the bank is re eithery working with a fast pace. And the profit after taxation of the company in March 2010 is 4,141,151 and at the end of the 2009 it was 4,134,971.Muslim commercial Bank agreement to buy the Royal Bank of Scotland but it fails to acquire congruous pass from State Bank of Pakistan.Profitability of MCBMCB is the Pakistans fourth largest bank in term of assets base 5.9 billion US dollar. The bank has the almost 1082 setoffes including 11 Muslim banking branches and over 300 ATM machines.During the last Fifteen year bank has concentrated on appendage done improving draw quality, investment in engineering and people, utilizing its extensive branch network and managing the risk management.MCB has established business in SriLanka and Bahrain and freshlyly established Rep. Office in Dubai. The bank has too formed a private company in Hong Kong in partnership with the Standard Charter bank, handling trade transactions in Asian-Pacific region. MCB also incorporated a leasing company in Azerbaijan in 2009.Fully ingested Subsidiaries of MCB areMuslim Commercial fiscal Services (private) LimitedMNET Services (private) LimitedMCB Trade Services LimitedMCB Asset Management Company LimitedMCB Leasing CompanyBusiness Strategy of MCBThe business strategy of MCB is to provide financial solutions in major segments for its customers. The bank has also established an Islamic Banking unit to offer Shariah complaint products and services, in six cities and the future plan is to establish more than branches of Islamic banking and its branches is as practically as the handed-down banking branches move over in the country.Nishat TextileNishat Mills limited was founded in 1951. He has one of the largest Textile setup in the country. They pretend hobby production facility270,000 Spindles740 loomsDying and printing ability of 7 million metersCementD.G Khan Cement Company Limited (DGKCC) is a unit of the Nishat Group and it is the largest Cement manufacturing company in the Pakistan with the capacity of 5500 tons clinker per day. They distribute their product in both nationwide and as soundly as internationally due to his consistent quality. This company is listed on all the stock exchanges of the Pakistan. Nishat Group also setup a new Cement manufacturing plant with a capacity of 6700 tons per day near kalar kahar, Distt. Chakwa l. After the completion of this plant this forget be the largest plant of the country. financial ServicesMCB is the largest private bank in the country with a 1200 branches in Pakistan and they operate internationally. MCB was also the first bank of the country that is listed on the London stock exchange in October 2006.Values of MCB Bank pursuance are the vales of MCB BankIntegrity inductionExcellenceCustomer CentricityRespectIntegrityWe are the trustee of public fund and serve our community with integrity. We intend in being the best at always doing the right thing. We deliver on our responsibility and commitment to our customer as well as our colleagues.InnovationWe encourage and reward people who challenge the status quo and think beyond the boundaries of the conventional. Our team work together for the smooth and efficient implementation of ideas and initiatives.ExcellenceWe take personal responsibility for our role as leaders in pursuit of excellence. We are the performance driven, result oriented organization where merit is the only beat for reward.Customer CentricityOur customers are at the heart of everything we do. We thrive on the challenge of understanding their needs and aspiration, both realized and unrealized. We make every effort to blow over customer expectation through superior services and solution.RespectWe respect our customer values, beliefs, culture and history. We value the checkity of gender and diversity of experience and educational activity that our employees bring with them. We create an environment where each individual is enabling to succeed.Online servicesFollowing are the online services that offer by the MCB Bank.Million of BranchesATMsCall shopping centreBill PaymentFunds transferMCB Limited Announcing his Million of Branches in the CountryMCB Limited has announced Mobile Banking facilities for its customers in July 2009, first time in Pakistan.Speaking on the event, Mr. Atif Bajwa, notch CEO of MCB Bank said that MC B Mobile was a first step in ensuring the cost effective delivery of financial service. He added that when the State Bank of Pakistans advent the Branchless Banking procedure, development of many new financial products and services were already in progress at MCB. These products is non developed only for the MCB customers, but they also watch that most of the people have prompts nowadays but they have no door to the banks through the mobiles so MCB Bank Limited introduce that system that help their customers to access their accounts easyHe further added, casingrs of MCB Mobile are just not restricted to reflection account balances or requesting mini-statements, they easily manage mass of birthments, like pay utility bills, recharge their both pre paid and mark paid connections and make payments of post paid spots through their mobile phones, they can even transfer the amount from one account to an early(a) in few minutes.Mehreen Ahmed, Group Head of Consumer Banking, also speaking on the event, that MCB Mobile was developed to offer customers dissimilar facilities to access their account end-to-end a week from their mobile phonesMCB Bank enlighten the Wide MobilizationMobilization has been started in MCB Bank at 5 April 2009. The objective of the team is together bank and makes ensure that maximum chip of members of MCB login and use MCB Mobile.Remote banking team trained the peoples of MCB and how to use the MCB mobile to ensure that this is very made across the country wide branches.MCB Limited sponsors 2nd Mobile-Commerce Meeting in KarachiMCB is the sponsors of the 2nd Annual Mobile Commerce meeting held in Karachi at 11 March 2009. The discussion was attended by a chassis of different Banks, Telcos and Technology.Mr. Atif Bajwa, Head of MCB Bank Limited, delivered a key note that is the Banks and Telecommunication Companys work together and to bring revolution in that field. He gives offer to the telecommunication companies coif to join t he hands of MCB mobile banking to produce something new that no longer be in Pakistan.MCB meets the Chairman PTAA team of the bank that lead by Mr. Qasif Shahid Head of the remote banking system met with Dr. Yaseen the chairman of Pakistan Telecom Authority in February 2009.The meeting was attended by many of high ranking officers of PTA and members from all 5 Telecommunication Companies.Key issues about the successful development of Mobile Banking in Pakistan were discussed in that meeting. All the 5 Telecommunication companies are agreeing to make a projection force that made a road map for Mobile Banking. These task forces have been created and complete their tasks under the supervision of PTA.MCB link up with Fundamo Mobile BankingMCB Bank has linked up with Fundamo for its Mobile Banking solutions in January 2009.FundamosFundamo is the Enterprise financial services platform. Fundamo is the worlds largest mobile financial service provider they have the expertise to build tec hnologies, and they have experience and vision as well.VisionFundamo is the global mobile financial solution provider. The company was established in 2000 and looking towards providing financial services through mobile phones in both developing and developed countries.LeadershipThe company has created its lead position due to the history of innovation and successful development. This knowledge ensures that its customers will always hit their target markets. With over 30 successful development projects in over 20 countries Fundamos technology and development strategy is proven.ExpertiseFundamos lead team has healthy background knowledge in the financial services industry and has the strict design principles required for secure banking system, and they also taking favour of its unique character in mobile phone. This new style of financial system represents a motiveful banking system due to its simplicity and uniqueness.Collaborating for successAn important element of Fundamos is to collaborate with the specialist organization to effectively and efficiently meet the need of the client in the rapidly moving mobile financial service market.Global coverageFundamos is now a global company with a 20 clients in different countries. Fundamos has a direct business as well partner business operations in many early(a) countries.Fundamo SolutionsEnterprise Edition.Mobile wallet.Mobile Banking.Mobile Money Transfer.Fundamo is working in Pakistan through their prescribed partners Access Group (Pvt) Limited.Bottom of FormLoading Loading What can u do with the MCB mobile service?Account BalanceMini parameterTransfer of fundsPurchase mobile Top-Ups through MCB Mobile servicePay your Mobile BillsPay utility BillsMake Visa Credit notice paymentsDonationServicesBalance inquiryYou can check your account balance any time.Mini-StatementYou can access the transactions of last six months from your bank account at any time, making it easier for you to manage your account.Fund T ransfersYou can send coin to anyone through MCB Bank account. The receiver of the money does not have to be a registered with the MCB Mobile user. You can receive money by giving the complete number that contain 16-digits or the ATM bank note number of the receiver.Purchase Airtime for Prepaid ConnectionsNow you can easily purchase prepaid airtime from these mobile companiesMobilinkUFoneZongWarid ZemTelenorPay Postpaid Mobile billsNow you can forget to pay your bill to the franchise because MCB gives you the opportunity to pay the bill through MCB Mobile at any time without any difficulty.MobilinkUFoneZongWaridTelenorPay the amount of BillsMCB Mobile gives you facility to make payments of utility bills. likeElectric citySui GasWater ChargesTele phone billsMake payments of MCB Visa Credit wagYou can now easily pay your Visa Credit flier payments through MCB Mobile. Now you can pay token(prenominal) payment or the full amount.Report a baffled ATM cardIf you lost your ATM card d uring the usage you can inform to the bank immediately and the bank will deactivated that card. And issue new card on the demand of the customer but this is only for the register customers.DonationsYou can make donations to any charity through the use of MCB Mobile service at heart a second. Donations to the Prime Ministers Fund are being accepted through this service. More charities will be added.Questions that mostly people askedFollowing question asked by the people. Who is eligible to register for the services?Do I need a special mobile connection?Is number portability supported for MCB Mobile?Do I need special mobile phone (handset)?Can I still register if I dont have Internet on my phone?How can I activate GPRS/Internet?What is bank charging for it?Are there any other charges?Is this service safe to use?How do I register?What happens after I register?What are the payment limits?If I forget my Mobile PIN?Where do I find the terms conditions?Where can I get more information ab out the MCB Mobile?ATMs ServiceMCB ATM smart card works anytime, anywhere in Pakistan abroad. MCB smart card is accepted over 4000 ATMS nationwide. MCB enables you to access fast cash, account balance require, transfer of funds etc through 450 ATMs in the country.MCB bank offers different type of ATM cardsATM Regular CardATM Gold CardATM Regular CardATM Regular or classic card allow you to withdraw 15000 per day and token(prenominal) three withdraw in a day.ATM Gold CardATM Gold card allow you to withdraw up to 25000 per day and minimum of six withdraw in a day. The other condition is that the cardholder has to make two transactions to withdraw the 25000 amount.Call CenterMCB provide the call circle around facility to their customer through which you can take help from representatives. Those are available at any time. They can help you as well as give guidelines. You can all so take help about their credit card problems.MCB offers following servicesGeneral InquiresFinancial Serv icesNon- Financial ServicesGeneral InquiresFollowing are the general inquiresATM locationsAccount opening proceduresMCB Bank ChargesAll MCB Product related informationMCB Merchant locationsFinancial ServicesFollowing are the different Financial ServicesInquiry of account balanceRequest for transfer of fundsDetails of Debit Card transitionsDetail for last five transitionsRequest for all Credit CardsBlocking Service of ATM Card throughout the dayPayment for all the BillsPurchase vouchersNon Financial ServicesFollowing are the Non Financial ServicesRequest for Credit Card address changeVirtual Banking activation bearing registrations 24 hours a dayMobile Banking activationCall 111-000-MCB (622)Bill PaymentsMCB give you the services through which you can pay your bills and recharge your mobile accounts. So we save our time through this and pay our bills easily. MCB smart card holder can also pay their bills easily.Bills Payment FeaturesFollowing are the FeaturesPay your Bills throughout the weekMake full or half payment. Full payment is required only for PTCLRecharge your prepaid accountPay as a register or non register user. This will help you to avoid the time delay.SWOT ANALYSISStrengthLong EstablishmentLong establishment is one of the strength of MCB over private banks. Due to this it earn a name in the market,The biggest InfrastructureMCB has the biggest infrastructure among the entire private bank. So it is making business from one corner of the country to another corner of the country.Other factors areBrand image because of Muslim word in the name in an Islamic country.In a growing economy of Pakistan.Has strong market presence.Mainly operating by Mansha Group.Offers a wide variety of services to its customer and has a customer bank of round about 4 million.The bank has efficient IT infrastructure and network of online services.MCB is working in Pakistan over 60 years of success.MCB capitulation under the big 5 domestic banks of Pakistan.Bank is continuou sly foc development on developing new and innovative products to attract the target market.Asset drill is very good.GPRS enable banking.WeaknessesIn the changing environment where MCB has some strength it has some weaknesses also, some of the weak factors areNone Professional lagMCB keeps non master key staff even on higher post who is promoted from the typist and clerical area after a long time.Nationalization EffectWhen MCB was nationalized by BHUTTOs Govt. it was the glooming rate of flow of MCB. During that period, MCB suffered a lot.Govt. InfluenceNon-professional and bureaucratic people were placed at the top mgt level who knows nothing about the banking and they damage the re givee of the bank in the markets as well.Lack of dynamismWhen a newly person employed in the bank they want to leave the bank very soon. Because the promotion period of the bank is so late till you retire. So lake at dynamism comes to the personality. He is no further creative in his life. So increas ing age of the staff is one of the weaknesses of the bank because banks needs young and creative person who have the ability to meet the changing response of the environment.Advances to non productive unitsDuring the nationalized period, a lot of amounts are forwarded to the non productive unit just on political bases. Most of the advances are not still paid and not even written off.Other factors arePolitical instabilityInternal political issuesLess job satisfaction of employees.Customers facing problems of NADRA verification while opening their accounts because its process is time consuming.To give everyone equal protocol is lacking among employees customers having account with small amount and not giving same services like hatching to others who have high account.Lack of organizational loyalty among employees.Promotion is generally on seniority bases.External EnvironmentOpportunityHaving an edge over the other commercial banks, MCB has greater profit, greater growth rate and mar ket share than other commercial banks.PrivatizationAfter privatization bank deposits has accelerated tremendous speed because it gave the opportunity to get rid of critical influences and to put the bank on the professional root.Other factors areTo go globalLow exposure to consumer banking providing opportunity to explore the segment.Emergence of Islamic banking in the country and MCB is increasing its Islamic banking operations.SBP police to allow Islamic banking business separately.Free staff training facilities offered.Greater profitability can be achieved through strong internal control.Elimination of risk of fraud through professional training.Opportunity to open a branch in rural area to increase its branch network and gain more profit.New schemes for deposit and finances should be introduced regularly. banesPrivate BanksLike citi bank and ABN amro are entering in the market with a greater power and strength in terms of brand name.Govt. PoliciesMCB faces the great threat from the Govt. policies like as finance the non productive units housing etc. so the bank does not feel the freedom in operating on its own view point, which is a threat for the bank. Because the bank is purely commercial so it should have autonomy to make its own decisions.Other factors areIncreasing competition in banking sector of Pakistan.Strong competition.Rising deposit rates.Foreign banks in the market having more marketing budget.People losing trust in banks.Participation of foreign banks in local market that can hurt the market share.Restructuring of privatized banks. gent ANALYSISPoliticalPolitical instability in Pakistan can lead to changes in laws and policies which can be in favor or against the banking sector.Economic saving of Pakistan is facing issues about employment, inflation, illiteracy, which hinder business growth.SocialCultural issues can be there but still as there are international companies there, therefore, cultural issues are not prominent.TechnologyPeople ar e highly skilled and MCB can introduce new technology to increase competencies.Porters ModelThe founding of much of the thinking on competitive advantage has been the writing of Michael Porter. Porter in his book COMPETITVE STRATEGY techniques for analyzing industries and competitors (1980) introduced his model of competitive rivalry.Competitor rivalries are agonistic rivalryThreat of potential new entrant to the sectorThreat of substitution product or services to the existing tradeThe Bargaining power of purchasersThe Bargaining power of suppliersThreat of potential entrantsCompetitiveRivalryBargaining power of buyerBargaining power of supplierThreat of substitutionThreat of New EntrantsThe threat of new entrant relates to the ease with which a company can enter a given trade sector. Barrier to launching into a particular market include the need for capital, knowledge and skills. The barrier to admittance, for example, in banking industry if a bank is working in particular area where any other bank is exist or any other branch is exist in the same city. Then the competition is exit and threat is exist for the bank that already exists. With the entrants of competitor your business is really suffer to overcome their competitor you have to introduce new strategies and make plans.IT can be a barrier to enter to a given market place. Existing players in the sector may well have a substantial in IS / IT, including for character the use of EDI to co ordinate their supply chain. This experience and investment can be difficult for the new entrant to check off. The converse is that development in IT and e- concern may leave existing players with a heavy investment in expensive, old technologies giving the new entrants the opportunities to enter the market with fresh ideas and a business plan facilitated by a new generation of IT provision. Internet e- commerce is a technology that can facilitate new entrants to existing markets without the need to match the IT a nd infrastructure investment of the existing players.Threat of SubstitutionSubstitution is a threat to existing players where a new product becomes available that supplies the same function as the existing product or services. If we take the examples of banks if any commercial bank is not providing good services to their customers are not giving proper care to the customers then the customers go for the substitute where they find good services and where bank provide or give values to their customer as a priority.The IT industry has itself substitute many products previously used in business with the replacement of the typewriter by the word processor being but one example of the e- commerce technologies, internet e- commerce has the potential to make significant inroads in the traditional retail sector with online banking.Bargaining power of BuyersFor a business to be profitable the cost of producing and distributing its product has to be less then price it can fetch in the market p lace. Where there are a number of competitors in the market or the surplus of supply the buyer is in a strong position to sight for a low price and for other favorable conditions of trade. Over recent years the large retail chains have developed a strong bargaining position.The bargaining strength of the buyer is of to the lowest degree threat to the low cost producer that organization can agree to tight terms of trade that competitor firms could not profitably match. The other defence is to have a branded product that the store will feel obliged to stock because their customers expect it.Bargaining power of suppliersThe organization whilst onerous to get an adequate price from its buyers will be looking to get favorable terms from its own suppliers. The organizations ability to get a good deal is the mirror image of its positions with the buyers. If the supply is plentiful or there are several suppliers it should get a good price. If the product is scarce or the number of suppli ers that are able to meet its needs is limited then the supplier is in a more favorable position.Competition between Existing PlayersThe net force is the competition between existing players in the market. The competition is to get the buyers and to trade at a price that produces an acceptable profit. That competition is won on the basis of the generic competition advantage of price, differentiation or focus. The competitive position of each organization is determined in part as least by the deal it is able to make with its suppliers. The competitive position of each organization is not absolute in most markets the factors that lead to a successful deal in one place at a given time will not necessarily be replicated in the next bargain that is to b struck.Impacts of E- BusinessFollowing are the impacts that E- business have o the bankNew sales melodic phrase damage leadershipReduced entry costNew opportunitiesInformation SystemEfficient quality controllingEasy fraud detection in t ransactionEasy data savingEasy data recoveryEasy management of business transactionNew sales channelE- Business is the new way of sale channel in the market. You can introduce any kind of your new product on your official website. The internet completely changes the selling process for both the buyers and sellers. electronic commerce users found that they can reduce the cost of sale through the internet. Internet is a very well media to advertise their product because if you launch your own site this is very help full for you because it is easier to buy anything from the site rather to go there and then decide. You can easily access the site and it is reformatory for customer point of view because it takes less time and your required thing is at your door. Last many years advertising through internet is increase very rapidly manufacturers put every information about the product on the site so you can read it easily and you get acquainted(predicate) with the new product features. A mazon.com is the retail store for selling books through internet. Amazon is the most successful internet business launches ever. In MCB as they launch their mobile banking service customer feel much satisfaction because before launching this service or before online banking customers have to go to the bank for balance inquire are for any other service. After this service customer can check and access their account at their home and can send their money anywhere in the country easily. MCB mobile banking is the new way of doing business and they can send SMS to their users for the latest services that they introduced in the market.CUsersTahirDesktopmarketing.jpgCUsersTahirDesktopresearch2.jpgCost Leader ShipCost leadership is a concept used in business strategy and it is developed by Michael Porter. It describes the competitive advantage in the firm. Cost leadership basals reducing the cost of operation in the industry. The cost leadership is often determined by company efficiency, s ize, scale, scope, and cumulative experience. A cost leadership means to increase the level of production well defined scope and other economics and producing high quality products by using high technologies. In the last few years many companies used strategy mix to achieve market leadership. Companies that wish to follow the cost leadership strategy must maintain constant efforts to reduce the cost. Cost reduction strategies includeEstablishing tight control of productionMinimize the cost of saleLike the multinational bank MCB launched their online services like mobile banking. This is launched to reduce the luxuries and to introduce the branch less banking that mean it reduce the cost of branches for example if they remove the branches that mean saving of cost in term of removing employees and cost of electricity and many other expenses of branches.CUsersTahirDesktophourglass-703070.jpgReduced Entry CostReduced Cost of entry means introduce the new product to the market. Cost of e ntry includes the cost of all research, development, production, testing, marketing, advertising and distribution of the new product. Developing a website is reduced all these cost because internet provide you an easy access to every information so if you want to increase the production capacity you can find the new production techniques on the net. And you can adopt that according to your need.If we take advertising websites and online other sources like newspapers, magazines reduced the cost of advertising very much. In traditional way of doing advertising like print the papers and join the local media this will charge you high cost at limited area coverage. unless the internet is away that give you an opportunity to advertise the product on a larger scale.If we talk

Role of amygdala in the experience of fear

Role of corpus amygdaloideum in the experience of misgivingThe amygdalae (from the classical for almond) atomic number 18 two groups of almond-shaped nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the aspect in complex vertebrates, including humans, (see Fig 1 below). Research has cross-filen that the amygdalae complete a primary role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions, and are considered to be part of the limbic system. pic Fig 1 Location of Amygdala. (Image from imemat.blogspot.com) The regions describe as amygdalae are a combination of several nuclei with distinct functions. Among these nuclei are the basolateral complex, the cortical nucleus and the centromedial nucleus, (see Fig 2 below). The basolateral complex can be farther subdivided into the lateral, the basal and the accessory basal nuclei. Anatomically, the amygdala and more particularly, its centromedial nucleus, may be considered as a part of the basal ganglia. The amygdala sends impuls es to various parts of the brain, for example, to the hypothalamus to incite the sympathetic nervous system to the thalamic reticular nucleus to increase reflex movement and to the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus for the activation of various neurotransmitters such(prenominal) as dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. The cortical nucleus is complex in the sense of smell and pheromone- processing. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex. The lateral amygdalae, which send impulses to the rest of the basolateral complexes and to the centromedial nuclei, receive input from the sensory systems. The centromedial nuclei are the main outputs for the basolateral complexes, and are involved in emotional arousal in rats and cats. pic Fig 2 Nuclei of the rat amygdaloid complex. (ABmc = accessory basal magnocellular discussion section ABpc = accessory basal parvicellular subdivision Bpc = basal nucleus magnocellular subdivision e.c. = external capsule Ladl = lateral amygdala medial subdivision Lam = lateral amygdala medial subdivision Lavl = lateral amygdala ventrolateral subdivision Mcd = medial amygdala dorsal subdivision Mcv = medial amygdala ventral subdivision Mr = medial amygdala rostral subdivision Pir = piriform cortex s.t. = stria terminalis). (Image from Physiol Rev 83 805) The amygdala filters sensory discipline and acts as a sort of interpretation line of work. The basolateral amygdala receives sensory information from the thalamus and cortex and then forwards a signal to the appropriate target areas (see Figure 3 below). It is also known as the amygdala proper, and the several areas of the brain that it targets are part of a broader network that serves much more specialized functions. Because the basolateral amygdala is critical for emotion, a better understanding of the chemicals within these brain circuits should pass to improved pharmacological treatments for emotional dysfunction in psychiatric maladys. pic Fig 3 The basol ateral amygdala. (Image from Current Biology, Vol.10, (4)) Within most of these disorders is a common symptom in that the patient often says I didnt think, I just reacted. Straker, D. (2006) believes they may be exactly right. All sensory info, with the exception of the sense of smell, is sent by the physical structure premier to the thalamus which then forwards it to some(prenominal) the relevant part of the cortex and to the amygdala. The information is sent out over two parallel paths the thalamo- amygdala pathway (the short route) and the thalamo-cortico-amygdala pathway (the long route). The short route transmits a quick estimated representation of the situation, in which no cognition is involved. This pathway activates the amygdala which, through its of import nucleus, generates emotional responses before the mind can form a complete representation of the stimulus. The amygdala does a quick threat assessment by adopt the sensory data received with already stored fear r esponses. If whatever of these are triggered, then the amygdala floods the cortex with chemicals to stop it taking over. The result is action without certified thought. (See Fig 4 below). Subsequently, the information that has travelled via the long route and been processed in the cortex reaches the amygdala and tells it whether or not the stimulus represents a certain threat. Should a real threat be presented the amygdala will then activate the efferent structures responsible for physical manifestations of fear, such as increased plaza rate and blood pressure, sweaty hands, dry mouth, and tense muscles. The parallel operation of our explicit (hippocampal) and implicit (amygdalic) memory systems explains why we do not remember traumas experienced real early in our lives. At that age, the hippocampus is still immature, while the amygdala is already qualified to record unconscious memories. Early childhood traumas can pertain the mental and behavioural functions of adults by me chanisms that they cannot access consciously. In complex vertebrates, including humans, the amygdalae perform primary roles in the formation and storage of memories associated with emotional events. Amunts et al (2005) indicate that, during fear conditioning, sensory stimuli reach the basolateral complexes of the amygdalae, particularly the lateral nuclei, where they form associations with memories of that particular stimuli. These associations between stimuli and the aversion may be mediated by long-term potentiation, a dawdling potential for affected synapses to react more readily. Memories of emotional experiences that become imprinted in the reactions of synapses in the lateral nuclei produce fear behaviour through their connections with both the amygdalaes rally nucleus and the bed nuclei of stria terminalis (BNST). These central nuclei are involved in the production of many typical fear responses, including frost (immobility), tachycardia ( fast heartbeat), increased respira tion, and stress-hormone release. Damage to the amygdalae impairs both the attainment and the expression of Pavlovian fear conditioning, which is a form of classical conditioning of emotional responses. picFig 4 The Amygdala Bypass System. (Image from www.changingminds.org) Advances in neuroimaging technology such as fMRI, have allowed neuroscientists to show just how much of a role the amygdala plays in many psychological disorders. Donegan et al. (2003) studied patients with Borderline personality disorder who showed significantly greater left amygdala activity than the normal control subjects. whatsoever of these borderline patients even had difficulties classifying neutral faces or classed them as being hard. In support of these findings, in 2006, researchers at Monash University, Australia, spy increased levels of activity in the amygdala when patients with social phobia were shown images of threatening faces or when they were confronted with frightening situations. These ac tivity levels in the amygdala were in direct correlation with the severity levels of the social phobia. Similarly, depressed patients showed more activity in the left amygdala when interpreting emotions for all faces, and specially for fearful faces, although this hyperactivity was normalized when patients were prescribed antidepressants. Cultural studies such as Williams et al (2006) showed that normal subjects exposed to images of frightened faces or faces of people from another race will show increased activity of the amygdala, even if that exposure is subliminal. However, according to Tsuchiya et al (2009), the amygdala is not necessary for the processing of fear-related stimuli, since people with bilateral damage show rapid reactions to fearful faces. Early research on primates has also provided explanations for the functions of the amygdala in relation to emotional disorders. An early study by Brown Shafer (1888) observed rhesus monkeys with a lesioned temporal cortex (incl uding the amygdala) and found that they suffered from significant social and emotional deficits. Kluver Bucy (1939) later expanded upon this observation by showing that large lesions to the frontal temporal lobe produced not only fearlessness, only when also severe emotional disturbances including increased sexual behaviour and a propensity to place objects in their mouths. Some monkeys also displayed an inability to recognize familiar objects and would approach both animate and inanimate objects indiscriminately, while also exhibiting fearlessness towards the researchers. This behavioural disorder was later named Klver-Bucy syndrome. However, their study can be criticised in that these lesions were so large and crude when compared to todays techniques, that researchers werent exactly sure of the structures responsible for these significant changes in behaviour. Improved techniques, such as using the neurotoxin ibotenic acid to make more precise lesions are partly responsible fo r the more detailed understanding of the amygdale today. pic Fig 5 Sensory data routes, the fear response and the amygdala. (Image from http//thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/index_a.html) Previous studies have examined activation of the amygdala in response to emotional facial stimuli, but these have been carried out in either the U.S. or Western Europe, although none of these explored cross-cultural differences. Although culture shapes several aspects of human emotional and social experience, including how fear is perceived and expressed to others, very modest is known about how culture influences neural responses to fear stimuli. In response to this gap in the research, a study by Chiao et al (2008) found that the bilateral amygdalas response to fear faces is, in fact, modulated by culture. Using fMRI, they measured the amygdalas response to fear and non-fear faces in two distinct cultures, Native Japanese in Japan and Caucasians in the United States. Both culture groups showed gre ater activation in the amygdala to fear expressed by members of their own culture, (their in-group), than in any of the other emotional measures such as anger, happiness or neutrality. (See Fig 6 below). pic Fig 6 The amygdalas response to fearful facial expressions is culture- specific. (Image from Chiao et al 2008). As mentioned earlier, sensory data, apart from the sense of smell, is sent by the body to the thalamus and then forwarded to both the cortex and the amygdala. In relation to this sense of smell, when faced with a threatening situation, many organisms, including insects, fish and mammals, release volatile pheromones, signalling the danger to other members of the same species. Nearly 70 years ago, Karl von Frisch (1941), described the alarm response in a species of small freshwater fish called the European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). Frisch, who was one of the founders of the scientific study of animal behaviour, demonstrated that when a minnow was eaten by a predator, a chemical released from its damaged skin would be reacted to by other minnows that were close by. They would at first dart about randomly, form a tight schooling and then retreat from the source of the chemical. Frisch called this substance schreckstoff, meaning scary stuff, and we now know that similar chemicals are used throughout the animal and plant kingdoms. A team of researchers from the University of Lausanne in Switzerland (Brechbuhl et al, 2008) have shown that mice detect alarm pheromones by means of a recently identified sensory system in the nose by examining a structure called the Grueneberg ganglion (GG), which in mammals is located on both sides in the tip of the nose, close to the openings of the nostrils. When the GG was first discovered by Hans Grueneberg in 1973, its anatomy was not known in such detail and so it was thought to be a non-sensory structure. It is only very recently that the olfactory system has come to be viewed as containing 3 distinct channels, ea ch with a unique structure and function. The main channel is involved in detecting aromatic molecules the second channel is called the vomeronasal system, and is an accessory olfactory system which is now known to be involved in the detection of pheromones the GG constitutes a third component of the olfactory pathway, one that was thought to be involved in mother-pup recognition and suckling behaviour, because it is present at the time of birth. The researchers sought to investigate the role of the GG in behaviour. Because of its location, the GG is easily accessible, so they were able to cut the axons of GG neurons in live mice (axotomy), thus preventing any signals from reaching the brain. But after numerous tests for nipple finding and other possible functions, the team genuinely found that the ganglion played a role in danger communication. pic Fig 7 Scanning electron microscope images of the mouse Grueneberg ganglion. Left a cluster of neurons (GC) in a meshwork of fibroblasts (Fb) Right and a higher magnification of a single GG neuron (green), with its axon (red) and thin ciliary process (blue). Scale bar 20 microns (L) and 5 microns (R). (Image from Brechbuhl et al, (2008)). 30 days after the axotomy, the researchers then compared how mice with and without their Grueneberg ganglia responded to alarm pheromones. According to Broillet, the contrast was very striking. Normal mice with the ganglia showed fear immediately by freezing while mice without the ganglia seemed to be unaffected and they carried on as before, apparently unaware of the danger signals that affected the normal mice. Although their sense of smell did not seem to be affected as they were able to sniff out cookies hidden in their cages as well as the normal mice. This study clearly shows that in mice the GG is involved in detecting alarm pheromones, rather than in mother-pup interactions, as was previously thought. It is able to perform this primitive function thanks to a specialized t hus far very basic structure as the GG consists simply of a small group of cells separated from the external environment by a water-permeable sheet of epithelial cells. Its location, far away from the main olfactory system, enables rapid detection of alarm pheromones. Such a mechanism is crucial an organisms survival rate, and the GG is found in all(prenominal) mammalian species examined so far, including humans. However, whether or not alarm pheromones affect, or even exist in humans, has been a subject for debate in the scientific community. Since pheromones are not detectable by the human sense of smell, scientists believe that pheromones are sensed by the vomeronasal organ (VNO), part of the olfactory system and located at bottom the mouth or nose. For many years, the existence of the VNO produced much speculation because it had only been found occasionally in adult humans, and when it was found, it was believed to be vestigial. However, Johnston et al, (1985) conducted a stud y in which the noses of 100 human adults were examined post-mortem and the VNO was found in the septums of 70% of those examined. Since then, much evidence has been gathered to support these findings of a presence of the VNO in most adult humans, but many scientists still believe it to be a functionless organ that was inherited from some ancestor of humans. However, recent genetic research has shown the possibility of a sensory receptor in the nose that could sense pheromones. When searching the human genome for genes that had similar sequences to those of rodent pheromone receptors, a team of researchers from The Rockefeller University in New York and the Yale University School of Medicine identified for the first time a candidate pheromone receptor gene in humans. The findings, reported in Nature Genetics, may shed new light on the molecular basis of social communication between humans, including the fear response. In conclusion, despite the saying, have no fear, to live without the ability to experience and recognise fear is to be deprived of a vital neural mechanism that enables appropriate social behaviour, and possibly even survival.

The Civil War In Sri Lanka

The Civil War In Sri LankaThe Sri Lankan civilised war by definition started in 1983 when two pronounced groups began to rival, the Sri Lankan g everyplacening body and the Liberation Tigers of the Tamil Eelam, a separatist group that was formed seeking to represent the Tamil nonage in Sri Lanka (Clarance, 2002). However civil war on an emotional level between the two ethnic groups, Sinhala and Tamils started in 1948, when Sri Lanka was granted independence from the British (Clarance, 2002).Sri Lanka early encountered colonialism in 1505 when the Portuguese arrived in search of valuable natural resources such as cinnamon, tea, and the most valuable, land (Clarance, 2002). The Portuguese conquered regions of Kotte, Sitavaka and Jaffna. They also aimed to conquer Kandy as well and failed done several attempts (Clarance, 2002). Next were the Dutch, in 1638 King Rajsinha who ruled Kandy at that time turned to the Dutch to fight over the Portuguese, the Dutch conquered everything ex cept Kandy (Clarance, 2002). Last to colonize Sri Lanka was the British, they set foot in 1796 when the Dutch rule gave away to the British (Clarance, 2002). The British conquered the entire island, and built coffee and tea plantations and trade laborers from India main(prenominal)ly Tamils to sketch in these plantations (Clarance, 2002). In 1947 Sri Lanka requested to become an independent community, and in 1948 Sri Lanka gained independence (Clarance, 2002). On the surface, colonialism can be viewed as benignant and in most beas beneficial as it guided Sri Lanka into development. Even though colonialism brought forth an identity for Sri Lanka in relation to trade and international exporting, it also brought separation, discrimination, and a hunger for dominance amongst the citizens of Sri Lanka.Being a Canadian born Sri Lankan Tamil this topic brings great importance and relevance to me. My Canadian birth is a prove of this civil war in which my parents found the desperate need to emigrate from their greatly loved motherland. This topic is extremely burning(prenominal) to me be stool I believe in peace and safety for the desolate and vulnerable, violence and death for the individuals who choose to fight is equally remorseful all the same inevitable. I lost both my grandfathers as candid civilians to the civil war in Sri Lanka likewise many Sinhalese families were destroyed. All due to the separation ca implementd by language, as everything else between a Tamil and a Sinhalese was identical.There are great faults on both sides, with regards to the actions of both opposition sort outies. However when pin back breakered, the foundation for this violent desire for domination, can be seen as colonization as the main cause if not the only cause for this fight for reasonfulness and equality.Theoretical BackingColonialism has given Sri Lanka a negative disturb rather than the positive outcomes it has provided the global north with. Through what can b e seen as an immature rivalry between European states to gain land, and other wanted goods, it is proven that lack of structure and democracy when granting independence to a colony can shatter an entire nation. The development theory that supports the argument of colonialism universe the main cause of the civil war in Sri Lanka would be the post-development theory. The post-development theory believes that only with relation to the global south, colonialism has been destructive on several levels culturally, economically, socially, and psychologically. Sri Lanka is not the only author European colony that is facing the aftermaths of colonialism several other countries in Asia have been robbed of their full potential to run as a essential nation, especially in the Middle East. Another crest example would be in Africa, where even in the present day, systems that were brought in by the European states are still beingness used, such as monarchy. Another more(prenominal) specific t heory that would back up this argument would be the postcolonial theory, the postcolonial theory investigates the effective and legacy of European trespass on global south. Postcolonial theorist, Franz Fanon states And it is clear that in the colonial countries the peasants alone are revolutionary, for they have nothing to lose and everything to gain. The starving peasant, outside the class system is the first among the exploited to discover that only violence pays. For him there is no compromise, no possible coming to terms colonization and decolonization a simply a question of relative strength. Fanon pinpoints the exact fate that Sri Lanka has overcome with its decades long civil war, the need for violence to achieve goals, in this case justice and equality.Research and summaryColonialism is the collaring cause for the now silent, yet on-going civil war in Sri Lanka. When the British left Sri Lanka in 1948, they built a government and left power to mainly the wealthy Sinhalese landowners (Lange, 2009). These powerful Sinhalese landowners had nothing in common with the rural areas or the minorities in Sri Lanka. Thus, taking rule and advantage of the nation to their liking. They made Sinhala as the official national language and also making Buddhism as the official national religion in Sri Lanka. This created great stress amongst the Tamil community as opportunities were not made equal, Tamils were not permitted nor able to obtain a higher level education or work for the government due to the fact they were not able to speak the national language (Lange, 2009). This created massive riots and rage throughout the Tamil community, which eventually ended in the beingness of a separatist group the Liberation Tigers of the Tamil Eelam seeking to gain land separate from the Sinhalese population for the Tamils called Tamil Eelam. This was the beginning of a two-decade civil war for the Tamils to both gain equal rights and dignity or to gain a separate Tamil reg ion.Histories of Sri Lanka prior to British colonization are important aspects when examining cause of conflict, in this case the cause of civil war in Sri Lanka. concord to research of DeVotta (2000) archeological analysis can prove that Sri Lanka was physically part of India, and was separated through plate movement caused by slow, natural causes. The southern regions of India, specifically Tamil Nadu, are concentrated with a Tamil population, and the northern regions of Sri Lanka are also concentrated with Tamils. Such relations and connections cannot only be seen through language but also through religion and way of life. Clarance (2002) states that reoccurring enslavement caused by colonialism creates a need for finally holding the dominant, leading post. Both the Tamils and the Sinhalese were faced with great amounts of mental and physical damage when the Portuguese, Dutch, and the British colonized Sri Lanka, however the Sinhalese were faced with a greater level of damage be cause it was mainly Sinhalese regions that were fought for, such as Katte, Kandy, Sitavaka, Colombo and Anuradhapura (Clarance, 2002). Therefore the Sinhalese psychologically developed the need for control, power, domination (Duncan, 2002). Wickramasinghe (2006) expands on the roles that each colonizing groups had. The Portuguese conquered Colombo on arrival which caused the Sinhalese population to move into the Kandy region of Sri Lanka. The Portuguese also squeeze religious conversion, Christianity, Buddhists and Moors a term used for Sri Lankan Muslims were impeached. Wickramasinghe (2006) argues that such invasion of the Sinhalese caused them to make Buddhism as their national religion when independence was gained. Clarance (2002) makes a diverse point in stating that with the colonization of the Dutch it was greatly the fault of the Sinhalese. Rajasinghe II who was the king of Kandy in 1638 requested the help of the Dutch to fight against the Portuguese, the Dutch however def eated the Portuguese and overruled what Portuguese had conquered and everything else on the island except Kandy. They also promoted protestant views and demoted Catholicism, and to keep their legacy they mixed themselves with the Sinhalese, now known as Burgher peoples. This later on was a another major cause of great discrimination and violence.The British were the last rulers in Sri Lanka they take the majority of the blame for the current personal effects of colonization and the civil war in Sri Lanka today. According to Lange (2009) the Tamils and the Sinhalese were in peace living together, reason being that different regions were ruled by Kings that were associated with the citizens of that particular region, consequently conflict with other regions were minimal. When the British entered Sri Lanka in fear of the French gaining power of Sri Lanka in 1796, they started off by merely occupying the coastal areas, to remove the Dutch from the picture, through the Treaty of Amiens , the Dutch ruled areas of Sri Lanka was conceded to the British. Since the Dutch had conquered the entire island excluding the Kandy region, the British only had to fight for Kandy. Jones (2008) states that there were two Kandyan wars in which both were defeated by the Kandy. Jones (2008) clarifies that this was the real cause of independence in Sri Lanka, lack of British gaining the most resourceful region in Sri Lanka. However Duncan (2002) elaborates on the beneficial aspects of the British rule in Sri Lanka, the British despite failing to conquer Kandy, built massive, national standard plantations for coffee which later became tea production, which was the money making resource in Sri Lanka at the time. The Sinhalese were reluctant to work on tea plantation as they were used to the working on the paddy farm. Wanting to expand the industry thousands of Tamils were shipped from India into Sri Lanka to work on these plantations. Duncan (2002) states that this was also a great caus e in the separation between the Tamils and the Sinhalese. As working on a plantation was considered a line of descent of the members of the lower castes, because the desperate and the poor were eager to gain a job at the these plantations for a fraction of what was considered a minimum wage back then. And since thousands of Tamils were imported from India by the British, this caste was automatically generalized for the Tamils, creating a hierarchy between the Tamils and the Sinhalese. Winslow (2001) expands on the final gestures of the British that caused a long term effect on the future of the nation. When Sri Lanka was granted independence the British unconcerned and naively transferred most if not all the power to the Sinhalese, maybe not intentionally by ethnicity but intentionally by who held the most power, the Sinhalese at the time had most of the islands land, business, and wealth, in comparison to the Tamils. According to Erritiouni (2010) it was this particular mistake th at is until today the leading cause of the civil war between the Tamils and the Sinhalese.Effects of colonialism in Sri Lanka still take in effect today. Errotiouni (2010) proceeds to state the following occurrences that fed this hunger for war. When the Sinhalese gained power for the entire island they omitted the existence and importance of the Tamils, they made the Sinhala the national language of Sri Lanka, and they made Buddhism the national religion of Sri Lanka. This as a result lead to the discrimination of the Tamil population, not being granted access to a higher level of education such as university or college, and not being granted to opportunity to hold a government job, therefore forbidden to gain a position in the government to have a adduce in the rights that Tamils are given. Jacoby (2006) elaborates on the separatist group Liberation Tigers of the Tamil Eelam that was formed, as a result of discrimination this group that represented a majority but not the entire T amil population demanded a separate region for the Tamils, namely, Tamil Eelam. The quest for Tamil Eelam was at a cost of hundreds of thousands of lives over the past two and a half decades. A member of the Liberation Tigers of the Tamil Eelam was the convicted suicide bomber in the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, Indias Prime Minister at the time, in a deadly, sinful quest to gain international attention on Indias partnership with Sri Lankas war against the Tamils. Sri Lanka has lost a great deal as result of this war, the most important, innocent lives.Effects of colonialism are causing major issues in the present time. The recent crisis that occurred in Egypt where nearly the entire population of Egypt protested against the presidential term of former President Mubarak. The fight to start a democratic government, and to end a monarch government (Pakistan article warns against struggle for power after Egypt unrest, 2011). According to Burke (1998) Europeans set up boundaries arou nd Africa that split up tribal areas and groups of Africans, so Africans who spoke the same dialect or practiced the same traditions would be split between two different European territories. This also was the cause of monarchies that continue today within countries in Africa. This has caused many civil wars across Africa, and more importantly the mass level of poverty that was caused that even until this day is unsolvable. male monarch is a vital tool that needs to be transferred and received wisely. Colonialism is a prime example of how power should not be gained and withdrawn from. Sri Lanka has been greatly victimized by colonialism and has been ripped from its great potential as a nation. Through the unprofessional use of power by the European states power was distributed unequally to the people in Sri Lanka at the time of decolonization, which has caused a great deal of destruction and death for tens of thousands of people. Hundreds of thousands of innocent civilians lost thei r lives due to the crossfire between the Liberation Tigers of the Tamil Eelam and the Sri Lankan government, they were slaughtered, shot, molested, violated, and tortured solely because they were born either Tamil or Sinhalese. As there were positive effects to colonization in Sri Lanka, they pass on never out weight the negative effects that have caused a greatly unstable nation even today. Power at any level is a position with immeasurable value especially when it is in relation to people. The Europeans help immense power, but childishly overthrew that power to distribute power in a nation. They thought for the better of themselves and failed to think for the better good of the nations people. Their decisions that were made carelessly have caused great damage and will continue to cause difficulty in the far future.

can money buy happiness Essay -- essays research papers

In todays materialistic world, the phrase that capital cant buy happiness is guideing to be proved hence otherwise. Social research and surveys impart shown results based on an individuals income, health and the political scenario which is dominant in his or her region. It is quite obvious that the gap between the privileged and the non so is growing into a great divide giving rise to divergent class and status, thus defining ones social circle. It should therefore be understood how an individuals economic status affects their personal happiness throughout every last(predicate) aspects of life. Many tend to refer to this age-old quote especially when they tend to belong to sector of people who cant afford the modern day luxuries of life. What they do not realize is that money, might in fact do just that, buy happiness. On the other hand, those who have pockets as heavy as themselves think that money Is nothing but a burden and a complication in life, which is too networked to figure out, let alone solve.Happiness as defined in the Oxford Dictionary is a feeling of luck, fortune and contentment. The trends of music have hip hop artists expressing their childhoods as miserable experiences because they grew up in the ghetto. However once they have acquired their wealth, things couldnt have been going more smoothly. Could they have not made the best out of their childhood, knowing that they were loved and cared for? Werent they truly happy then without all the material accessories? In my opin...

Orbits with Gravity Lab Software :: physics science space

For centuries, humankind has sought to find order in the universe. In the context of westerly thought, in any case, beginning with the Egyptians, Persians, ancient Greeks in the Americas the Mayans and Azteks, astronomy evolved out of the necessity to discover a reliable predictor of the seasons for the purposes of agriculture. In most cases, Astronomy takes on a spiritual role in culture as well. The system of accounting that ancient peoples used to measure the seasons evolved, after a striking amount of suffering and turmoil, into the physics of Gallileo and the mechanics of Newton. And Newtons remarkable system is still used today, so long as the velocities atomic number 18 not close to the locomote of light and the mass vs. density ratio of massive objects is not too great. Linked above is a gravitational simulator upon which several models of celestial motion are explored. Written in the simple computer language of Q-Basic 4.5, the software is compilable on native syste ms. At the core is code that generates six n-dimensional arrays. The six arrays correspond to changeable requirements in 2-d space, they are velocity vector (in polar coordinates), velocity magnitude, mass, radius, x-position, y-position. n corresponds to the number of total objects in the system. Once data is gathered, either entered by hand, sozzled from a file, or generated randomly, the simulation can begin. There are three major divisions of the simulation, corresponding to object selection, object position change, and object velocity change, where the developed physics takes place. The simulation begins with object 1, with initial velocity vo, and calculates the next change in velocity of object 1 from the acceleration generated by all early(a) objects. From the gravitational acceleration of object 2, for example, a new velocity vector for object 1 can be determined, and refined until object ns effect on object 1 is considered. The sim goes down the line to object n, correcting the current velocity magnitude and vector until all acceleration effects are accounted for for all objects, then the sim erases the current position of all objects, displaces the objects dependant on their current (freshly calculated) velocities, redraws them, and returns to calculating new accelerations. The result is a fairly accurate model of gravitational motion, in which the orbital properties discussed in mechanics can be seen. Inaccuracies result with high velocities or close interactions (no collision detection is made).