Professional Associations Membership Essay

As individual members of ANNA and together as an organization, we intend to act consistently with our core beliefs that: Nephrology nurses have an opportunity and responsibility to enhance the quality of care delivered to people with kidney disease. ANNA as an organization has the responsibility to provide sound educational programs necessary to develop, maintain, and augment competence in practice, ANNA must support research to develop evidence- based practice, as well as to advance nursing science We benefit as an organization and as individuals when we embrace and nurture diversity in all of its dimensions. Registration fee is $75.00/annual membership (full member rn) Contact anna American nephrology nurses’ association East holly ave., box 56 Pitman, NJ 08071 888-600-2662 ann@ajj.com Join us for the 45th Anna National symposium in Orlando, Florida April 19-22 2015 Passionate Leadership: Soaring to New Heights will be presented by Donna Cardillo, MA, BS, RN,. Today’s nursing leaders are challenged like never before, and are also in a unique position to have greater impact on the future of nursing and of health care. This session will show you how to get primed, pumped-up, and supercharged for the coming decade in kidney disease. Workshops and conferences given by guest speakers; new evidence practice new studies that help patients live with kidney disease. References: American Nephrology Nurses Association www.annanurse.org/

Project Assignment Essay

Planning is critical phase in a project life cycle. Although that is the case project control is pivotal and it goes through the project phase. Without proper project control in any project, failure possibilities are fairly high in such project. The intention of scope management is to define and outline the intention of any project. Scope management is defined by the PMBOK as; ‘†¦.. the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work only the work required, to complete the project successfully. It is primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is or not included in the project.’ The project scope sets the stage for developing a project plan. It clearly states the project’s objectives and deliverables. Scope definition provides an administrative plan that is used to develop your operational plan, i.e. the plan for how you are going to run the project. Scope definition should be as brief as possible, but complete. Poorly defined scope leads to project failure. The development of the scope must involve the project manager, sponsors, performing organisations and beneficiaries. Our organisation like any other company before initiating a project will follow the following ways in designing scope management: âž ¢ Scope planning: PMBOK defines this stage as ‘the process of developing a written scope statement as the basis for future project including, in particular, the criteria used to determine if the project or phase has been completed successfully.’ In scope planning issues that refers to schedule, cost timelines and boundaries will be outlined in this phase. âž ¢ Scope definition: The PMBOK defines scope as; ’subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components’. In order to be clear of the intention of any project, project must be defined clearly in order to operate smoothly. If the scope of the project is not clearly defined the project manager will suffer the consequences of possibilities of project failure and the conflict that will arise between him or her and client or the project sponsor. In relation to the WBS the scope will be divided in work packages. âž ¢ Scope verification: during the initiation phase and scope planning, stakeholders and the client must verify the scope in order to approve the scope of the intended project. Scope verification is one of the important tools of project planning as the project cannot go ahead until stakeholders verify it. For an example during the initial phase once the project manager presents the feasibility study to the stakeholders their inputs and approval is key to the project. 1. WBS: Work break down structure The work break down structure (WBS) was developed in the 1960’s as the tool to enhance project planning. WBS is in a hierarchal form where work packages are presented either in graphical box or text indent. Burke (2010:128) mentions the main components of WBS as the following: ââ€" ª Structure ââ€" ª Method of subdivision ââ€" ª Numbering or coding ââ€" ª Level of detail ââ€" ª Number of WBS levels ââ€" ª Roll up ââ€" ª Integrating the WBS to assign responsibility Once the scope and deliverables have been identified, the work of the project can be subdivided into smaller work elements. The outcome of this process is called the work breakdown structure. All the elements/steps that make up WBS are called work packages. It is very useful as the structure clearly points to what has to be done and in what sequence (order). It divides the work and responsibility into individual work implementation for the project by: †¢ making it possible to plan, schedule and budget; †¢ providing a framework for tracking and monitoring cost and work performance; †¢ defining communication channels; †¢ assisting in understanding and coordinating many parts of the project; †¢ pointing to problems and ensuring they are quickly addressed

ControversyCollege dorm can have any pets Annotated Bibliography

ControversyCollege dorm can have any pets - Annotated Bibliography Example It appreciates the importance of pets in dorms for some students, describing the adaptation Eckerd College had to make to admit students’ pets. It will contribute to the development of the introduction, particularly describing the types of pets allowed in institutions and in arguing against pets in dorms due to associated lifestyle adaptations. Gahagan, K. â€Å"Pet State: University of Northern Colorado Tests Pet-Friendly Dorm.† Denverpost.com. The Denver Post, 10 Mar. 2014. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. http://www.denverpost.com/homegarden/ci_26656919/pet-state-university-northern-colorado-tests-pet-friendly This news article reports on the adaptation that the University of Northern Colorado had to undertake to admit students with pets. This follows the acknowledgement of the importance of pets for comfort among students. This came with costs such as liability insurance and capital expenditure on buildings. The data cited provides critical evidence to argue for and against specific pets in college dorms. Palazzolo, J. â€Å"Dorms Must Accept ‘Emotional Support’ Dogs, HUD Says.† The Wall Street Journal 16 May 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2013/05/16/dorms-must-accept-emotional-support-dogs-hud-says/ This journal gives facts in support of pet dogs in dorms for students with disabilities. The author cites the obligation pegged on universities by the federal government through the US Department of Housing and Urban development for admission of emotional support animals. This will be a useful source in supporting pets that offer affection and companionship in college dorms for alleviation of existing disabilities among students. Steinberg, J. â€Å"Colleges Extend the Welcome Mat to Students’ Pets.† Nytimes.com. The New York Times, 5 June 2010. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/06/education/06pets.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 This online newspaper article gives statistics, supported by examples, of

I am Sam by New Line Cinema Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I am Sam by New Line Cinema - Assignment Example This was reinforced at the end of the film whereby Rita was taught how to reconcile with her own personal issues with the most unlikely person which is Sam. The scene became more pronounced because Rita is also the least likely person to be needing help from the most unlikely person of Sam. Rita is a high power attorney who only took the case of Sam pro bono and through a wager. As the case unfolded, however, Sam infused some humanity in her with his struggle for his parental rights with his daughter Lucy. Through Sam’s vulnerability, Rita realized that one needs to open up and accept one’s weakness and others to be able to love. The characters of Sam and Rita seemed to be a paradox at the onset because almost all of their characteristics seemed to contradict each other – Sam as a retard, Rita as smart high caliber attorney, Sam as vulnerable to the events around him that he even has to fight for the custody of his child while Rita is in control of everything. Above all, Rita was unfeeling and cold who was used to the fast-paced corporate life while Sam’s life revolved around his daughter Lucy taking her to pa rks and doing all he could to love her despite his mental state. Yet in the end, their characters reconciled with each character complementing the other with Sam teaching Rita that vulnerability is sometimes necessary for us to accept and be accepted by people. This led her to reconcile her relationship with her son and leave his philandering partner once and for all. While it seemed that it is Sam who would need Rita more with his legal woes, it was Rita who benefited more from her unlikely relationship with Sam. This is the relational dialectics in the film where to unlikely characters reconciled in the end. The drama of the movie hinges on relational conflicts where personal relationships are contradictory or opposed in nature. This was evident as previously discussed  with the unlikely partnering of a high power smart attorney in the person of Rita with a mentally degraded character of Sam who even struggles to keep his daughter.

Mod Culture and Fashion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Mod Culture and Fashion - Research Paper Example The paper "Mod Culture and Fashion" concerns the connection between Mod fashion and designs. The leaders of mid 1960s style were the British. As the Mods strongly influenced the fashion in London, 1960s fashion in general set the mode for the rest of the century as it became marketed to young people, who, at the time, were gaining tremendous influence in affecting everything from clothes to the media, particularly the lifestyle of Mods as popularly reflected in their music and fashions. British rock bands such as â€Å"The Who,† children of the working class, gave up their nine to five jobs to become icons in the rock music world. It was not until 1964 when the Modernists were truly recognized by the public that women really were accepted into the group. Girls had short, clean haircuts and often dressed in similar styles to the male Mods—a trend which initiated UniSex design. As opposed to the 50s grease look, Mod style was classy, mimicking the clothing and hairstyles of continental Europe with tight-fitting suits and a more suave dressed appearance. They were the working classes with a sophisticated city look-- the clothing of a new forward-thinking generation. Mod from the longer version of Modern developed as a subculture from the original beatnik culture born in the coffee houses of the 1950s, where disenchanted young intellectuals met to enjoy the new modern jazz, read poetry and share political views. The new Mod culture that eventually evolved from it, however, was less intellectual.

Business- Service Operations Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business- Service Operations Evaluation - Essay Example There exists no fast and hard rule concerning this, though sometimes there is a penalty to pay for possessing the newest mobile cell phone on the market. Free line rental contracts The severe competition between cell phone networks explains that they have to give substantial incentives for one to enter a long-term contract. The majority of the chief mobile networks give free line rental deals (Lancaster, 2007.p.19). Inexpensive mobile phone invoices Mobile contracts generally offer more viable deals on texts and calls than the Pay As You Go deals (Cohen, 2008.p.461). Despite the fact that one will pay for any texts and calls over those incorporated in their contract, most citizens find that no matter the network they are using, they still get an inexpensive mobile phone transaction by turning on to a mobile phone deal from a Pay As You Go phone (Mennen, 2005.p.78). Extras and gifts The majority of mobile networks give a range of gifts and extras when a person enters into a mobile tel ephone contract with them. For instance, one may get a free headset or free accessories set. The new trend has seen many exhilarating gifts, thrown in with deals. Of late, one may discover that he is able to receive gifts such as Xbox 360s, iPod Nanos, and play station. A few even give a free laptop. 2. Development of evaluation criteria Average miniature Usage One should keep in mind that it is normally easier to rise in minutes than downward once they enter into the contract. Many people utilize less time, and they should begin as low as they think they can go. However, they should not underestimate their usage as they may get themselves paying astronomical overage fees. One should monitor his usage cautiously and change his plan accordingly. Data handling considerations Smartphone are ever more fashionable, and while it may be probable to depend only on Wi-Fi, the majority of users will yearn to have a wireless strategy for mobile Internet availability on the go. Most of the cell phone providers need a wireless information plan to qualify for the Smartphone (Yuan, 2005.p.17). The usual utilization is not more than 750MB every month, though several users can go well over that in every month, mainly with heavier media use like a video or streaming music. Family and friends options It is ordinary for main cell phone companies to offer free phone-to-phone minutes to clients on the same network. One will need less all time minutes if more of their contacts are also utilizing similar carrier. Likewise, if one has many people in the family who will be making use of cell phones, the most inexpensive alternative would be to put everybody on the same mobile phone plan (Levene, 2007.p. 34). Commonly, one will have lesser activation fees, and they will typically compensate less in every month for extra phones on a similar plan. Making a knowledgeable Decision For one to be certain that he is making the best alternative for the situation, the most crucial thing one can do is to assess the precise needs in terms of texting, minutes, long distance data and other required features (Parker & Crew, 2008. P.35). It is necessary to compare plans on a minute basis or megabyte in the situation of data. One should consider the features and bonuses that companies incorporate with the given plan, such as, worldwide messages, mobile-to-mobile, among others. This will permit one to determine the finest

Exam 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam 4 - Essay Example Some of the whites still look down upon the blacks and more so the women whose status in society is reduced on a bilateral scale (because they are women and hence considered minority and incapable and because they are black a minority race). This therefore leads to the white males subjecting the black women to different forms of sexual violence and especially sexual harassment, sexual assault and even rape (Gardiner, 2002). Most of these cases go unreported for fear by the women of the repercussions (this is especially so if the sexual violence takes place in a workplace and the perpetrator has higher authority and uses threats). Black males (most of them) as a result of the low status accorded to them by the white race engage themselves in sexual violence in order to regain their machismo and ego (Gardiner, 2002). The perform different sexual violence acts especially rape and use sexual words directed towards the white female as a way to intimidate them and even force them to respect them let alone accord them higher status. They therefore target the white women they are close to and whom they know well and in most cases whom they â€Å"want to teach a lesson† to. Most of these cases are reported and it is no wonder there are more black males associated with sexual violence in prison. The other shocking statistic according to Postmus, 2012 is that whites lead in sexually violating their fellow white more than the blacks sexually violate their black. Even though this is not broken down to which gender is the perpetrator and which the victim, it is obvious both genders are involved both as victim and perpetrator but this depends on the type of sexual violence. The reason for this high statistic is because of the lenient and less conservative society the whites have which allows them to openly challenge each other and failure results to sexual

Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited - Essay Example Borouge currently has headquarters located in both the United Arab Emirates and Singapore. Worldwide, Borouge has a workforce of 1,600 people, who represent over 40 nationalities and serve customers in more than 50 countries throughout the Middle East, the Asia-Pacific region, the Indian sub-continent, and Africa (Company Facts, 2010, p. 5). The company’s vision is simply shaping the future with plastics, while its mission statement is value creation through innovation (Company Facts, 2010, p. 2). Borouge has divided business responsibilities into three departments: Executive Team – Borouge’s Marketing Company, Executive Team – Borouge’s Production Company, and Support Functions. The Chief Executive Officer for Borouge’s Marketing Company is Wim Roels, who is based in Singapore and was only recently handed the role in July of 2011. On the other hand, the Chief Executive Officer for Borouge’s Production Company is Abdulaziz Alhajri, a U AE national who was appointed in the role back in 2007 (Executive Biography, 2008). Borouge has developed four key strategies to help drive the company forward: respect, exceed, create, and focus. Respect is all about caring for the environment and all the people that live in it. The value of exceed promises to go the extra mile and leading by example. The third value, create, demands continuous improvement through encouraging openness and allowing new ideas to flourish. Lastly, focus helps build partnerships with customers by anticipating their requirements and operating the business with strong ethical principles. Social Responsibility As of today, over a billion people can’t drink clean water, and more than twice that number do not have suitable sanitation facilities. Because of this fact, the United Nations set a Millennium Development Goal to cut in half the number of people who do not have access to clean drinking water before the year 2015 (Company Facts, 2010, p. 4). The strategy of this plan was to better manage and preserve the water resources that are already available. In response to this, Borouge created the Water for the Worldâ„ ¢ initiative in 2007. This global programme aims to use local expertise in conjunction with Borouge professionals to help provide suitable solutions for accessing safe water and sanitation facilities. Borouge plans to make a difference through implementing its new technological skills with the home country’s leadership. Products Borouge has developed a wide variety of distinctive products that include water, gas, and industrial pipe systems, medical devices, and automotive components (Bourouge, 2011). In order to give itself a competitive advantage over its rivals, Borouge utilizes Borstar technology to produce high-value plastic products at its modern petrochemical complex, which is situated in Ruwais, Abu Dhabi. This Borstar technology is the key to Borouge’s success because it enables the constr uction of high-performance products that are crucial in today’s modern living (Borouge, 2011). The four key products that are marketed to consumers are energy and communication cables, pipe systems, automotive components, and advanced packaging (Company Facts, 2010, p. 3). For the first line of products, Borouge supplies insulation, semi-conductive, and jacketing to the wire and cable industries. In terms of communication cables, Borouge has the solutions for low, medium, and high voltage energy transmission and distribution cables, data and communication cables, and building and automotive wires (Borealis AG, 2011). The next set of products that Borouge supplies are pipe systems. These systems are used in water and gas

Finale Paper Outline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finale Paper Outline - Assignment Example Complication is another principle of interpersonal communication. In this principle, it should be understand that communication involves a number of variables, making even simple request very complex. Lastly, interpersonal communication is contextual and therefore, can never be done in isolation. In every communication, there are aspects such as psychological, cultural, rational, situational, and environmental factors involved, determining the context in which an individual could speak (Goman, 2014). Other than the principles, there are various barriers to effective interpersonal interaction. These include physical barriers, emotional, and cultural and language barriers. Dependent on the situation involved each of the above aspects limit effective interpersonal interaction. For new couples, it is important that you limit the occurrence of such aspects in order to enhance and sustain the relationship (Sullivan, 2010). Despite avoiding the barriers to effective interaction, it is evident that conflicts still arise. In such instances, it is important that you avoid the win-loss situations. None should be a winner or a loser (Luquet, 2007), but instead any decision reached should be for the benefit of both parties. Another means of resolving conflicts in a relationship and most especially for the newly married, is to avoid conflict causing situations. Conflict causing conflicts are usually instances in which there is lack of appropriate communication channels between a wife and a husband (Sethi and Manisha, 2009). The most appropriate means of resolving such conflicts include appreciating the differences that exist between the individuals. Words indeed have power, and therefore, it is important to choose the words used very wisely. Words can never change reality; however, they can change the perception to reality. Words form a link between liking an individual and disliking the

Preschool Education System Essay Example for Free

Preschool Education System Essay Ramona is a hard-working, loving, single mother of two preschool aged girls, Theresa and Rosa. She works overtime every week, just to make ends meet for her and her children. Ramona and her children are in poverty. Unfortunately, statistics indicate that Theresa and Rosa will struggle to receive the quality preschool education they need to in order to succeed throughout Kindergarten, grade school, high school and into adulthood. According to one study by Sum and Fogs, students living in poverty rank in the 19th percentile on academic assessments, while their peers who are part of mid-upper income families rank in the 66th percentile on the same assessments (Lacour and Tissington, 2011). â€Å"The achievement gap refers to significant disparity in low educational success between groups of children: low-income and minority children as compared to higher income and non-minority children† (Early Education for All). This academic achievement gap is unacceptable and every child deserves the chance to excel to their fullest potential in school, in order to prepare for adulthood. Preschool is a pertinent part of a young child’s education, which has been proven successful many times in preparing children for grades K-12, and beyond. â€Å"Practitioners and researchers alike contend that the enrichment of preschool makes a difference especially for children living in poverty† (Loucks, Slaby, and Stelwagon). By providing all children with access to preschool programs, the educational achievement gap can be reduced. Unfortunately, since preschool is not a government mandated educational requirement, preschool must be privately funded, leaving families who are unable to pay tuition costs are. This is an opportunity that Theresa and Rosa would miss out on because Ramona cannot afford the tuition. Because of these lasting cognitive and social development benefits that preschool can provide, it should federally funded educational requirement. Quality preschool education needs to be regarded as a constitutional right, not a socioeconomic privilege. There is an increasing educational achievement gap in the United States, between children of low-income families, and their peers, due to their limited access to a preschool education. It has been proven time and time again, that underprivileged children, who are not provided with the access to a preschool education, perform lower in later academic learning, than those who were afforded a preschool education. One study in California revealed that second and third grade students of low-income families who did not attend preschool were significantly less proficient in English and Mathematics (Loucks, Slaby, Stelwagon, 2005). Another California survey illustrated that poverty stricken children entering kindergarten were six months behind their wealthy peers in pre-reading skills. (Loucks, Slaby, Stelwagon, 2005). Children of low-income families are also much more likely to encounter environmental and health risk factors. (Early Education for All). These risks can potentially impede on a child’s readiness for school. For example, children living in poverty have been proven to begin kindergarten with significantly less mathematical knowledge than their peers. â€Å"This would suggest that the preschool experience is a mechanism to level the playing field and fully prepare students to succeed in kindergarten† (Loucks, Slaby, Stelwagon, 2005). By entering the early grades without having the proper pre-requisite education and skill sets, children run the risk of falling behind in class. When a student enters kindergarten unprepared, the students risk of grade retention increases, not only in kindergarten, but also in the grade school years to follow. Catching up to the required proficiency level becomes harder and harder for the student, and in some cases, the student will simply giv e up and either fail or drop out. Access to preschool education for these children can help to close the educational achievement gap, and prevent grade retention, by providing these children with the tools and skills necessary to prepare for Kindergarten and beyond. The United States of America prides itself on its educational standards, and even has ratified educational laws which require children to meet proficiency standards in reading and mathematics at certain grade levels, as indicated in the No Child Left Behind Act. The law incentivizes those school districts which show improvement in test scores, and enforce corrective actions upon those districts who continuously fail to improve student proficiencies. Still, these underprivileged children are left behind, and find it continually challenging to catch up, as the school grades progress. A child’s odds of academic accomplishment are maximized when attending a high quality preschool program, especially within the lower-income communities. This theory has been put to the test. In New Jersey lays a group of the thirty one most poverty stricken districts in the state called the Abbott Districts. The state of New Jersey granted these districts a program which funds preschool education within the districts to their children in order to close the achievement gap for poverty stricken students. The results were noteworthy, and the funds allocated to this cause were well spent. Children who attended this program improved on their math, language and literacy skills. The kindergartners who had previously attended the program closed the academic achievement gap by a remarkable fifty percent between their own literacy scores and those of the national average (Early Education for All, 2005). These results proved the program to be a great success. Studies have been conducted all over the United States, pertaining to children in poverty and the profound effect a preschool program can have on each child’s continued education. In a fifteen year follow up study in Chicago, Illinois, children who attended preschool were proven to be significantly more academically successful than their peers who did not attend preschool. At the age of thirteen, this group of children’s academic scores was sixty percent higher than those who did not attend. By the age of twenty, this same group who had attended preschool was thirty percent more likely to complete high school, and forty percent less likely to experience grade retention or be enrolled in special education classes (Early Education for All, 2005). It is important to remember, however, that although the strongest support for the advantages of preschool education indicates that underprivileged children benefit most, all children, regardless of socioeconomic status can benefi t academically from a preschool education. When a child has had the privilege of attending a quality preschool program, that child is also much more likely to adjust socially in adulthood, than those who did not attend a preschool program. According to Loucks, Sharon, Slaby and Stelwagon, those who have attended a quality preschool program are also less likely to have long periods of unemployment or welfare, and drop out of school. (â€Å"Why is preschool essential in closing the achievement gap?† par. 1). Adults who attended preschool as a child also have been proven to reduce delinquency and crime throughout adulthood (Barnett, 2008). Preschools are not only about cognitive learning, but they give a formal education to pre-kindergarten aged children on the developmental concepts of interaction with their peers. These lessons stay with the children through the remainder of their life. Without those lessons, many do not develop the social skills needed to succeed in our society. Preschool education is not only beneficial to the individuals who attend the programs, but it also benefits community and the local economy as a whole. Funds invested into preschool programs provide a significant return to the community. The RAND Corporation, a non-profit organization which provides objective analysis through surveys and research (The RAND Corporation), recently performed a study which found that for every on dollar invested into quality preschool programs for underprivileged children, two dollars and sixty-two cents was returned into the labor force and economy (Loucks, Slaby, and Stelwagon, Fall 2005). That is a two hundred and sixty percent return on investment. The direct return on this investment alone is more than enough to warrant a universal program. This study does not even include other potential indirect financial returns. Other financial returns from a public preschool investment would also be present in the lowering of state Medicaid costs, law enforcements costs, and other low-income assistance costs, such as food vouchers, homeless shelters and unemployment pay, which cost the government and tax payers a significant amount of money every year. Preschool is a necessary business investme nt for our economy to yield a higher return rate, than the current K-12 requirements today. The concept of a universal preschool program is not unheard of, not even in the United States. Most state government funded preschool programs are targeted toward children of lower income households. These programs have been put into place in a collaborative effort to close the educational achievement gap that exists in our society. However, some states, and even entire countries have already begun governmentally funding preschool programs, not just for underprivileged children whose families cannot afford the tuition, but for all pre-kindergarten aged children. In 1998, Oklahoma legislation ruled to make all four year olds eligible for a universal quality pre-kindergarten program (Sacks and Brown Ruzzi, 2005). Of course, a program as significant as this would not go without continued research and analysis. In a study performed between 2002 and 2003, significant supporting evidence was found which indicated that the program was a success. The study showed increased academic test scor es in the subjects of reading, spelling, writing and mathematics skills (Gormley, Gayer, Phillips and Dawson). Oklahoma is not the only state to equalize education for all children, regardless of their socioeconomic status. With the revenues from a state lottery, and the leadership of, then governor, Zell Miller, Georgia was the first state in the United States to offer a publically funded preschool program (Early Education for All, 2005). Similar to the findings in the study of Oklahoma’s program, Georgia’s program was also proven to be successful. A study found that more than eight percent of students who had attended the program ranked average or above upon evaluation third-grade readiness (Sacks and Brown Ruzzi, 2005). A universal preschool program is not just a theory waiting to be tested, it is already in effect in some areas, and is proving its value in this country’s educational achievement. If we do not put into place the appropriate interventions in the society, the educational achievement gap will only widen, costing more and more tax dollars, and most importantly, costing children the equal opportunity of prosperity in this country. This gap can be diminished significantly by providing each and every child in this country with the equal educational opportunity of a quality preschool program. Such a program provides this nation’s youngsters with the skills they need in order to meet the countries educational standards throughout the span of their education. It is unfortunate that in this land of opportunity and prosperity, that in order to grown and succeed; our children are subject to exclusion of such a beneficial educational tool, because of his or her parents’ inability to afford tuition costs. With our current economic status, our children, the future of this nation, must be provided every advantage possible in order to change this economy around. An investment should be made in our future today by providing a constitutional right to a quality and inclusive preschool program to all children. Works Cited Loucks, Sharon, Slaby, Robert, and Stelwagon, Patricia. Why is preschool essential in closing the achievement gap? Educational Leadership and Administration Fall 2005: 47+. Academic OneFile. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. Document URL: http://go.galegroup.com.ezp1r.riosalado.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA142874683v=2.1u=mccweb_riosaladoit=rp=AONEsw=w Strategies for Children. â€Å"Early Childhood Education: A Strategy for closing the Acheivement Gap†. Spring 2005. Web. 06 Oct. 2012. Document URL: http://www.strategiesforchildren.org/eea/6research_summaries/07_AchievementGap.pdf Marcon, Rebecca A. Moving up the Grades: Relationship between Preschool Model and Later School Success. Early Childhood Research and Practice 4.1 (2002). 06 October 2012. Document URL: . Gormley, William T., Jr., Gayer, Ted, Phillips, Deborah and Dawson, Brittany. The Effects of Universal Pre-K on Cognitive Development. National Institute for Early Education Research. 06 October 2012. Document URL: http://www.crocus.georgetown.edu/reports/oklahoma9z.pdf Barnett, W. S. (2008). Preschool educati on and its lasting effects: Research and policy implications. Boulder and Tempe: Education and the Public Interest Center Education Policy Research Unit. Retrieved 10/06/2012 from http://epicpolicy.org/publication/preschooleducation Sacks, Lynne and Brown Ruzzi, Betsy (2005). Early Childhood Education: Lessons from the States and Abroad: 2005. National Center on Education and the Economy. The New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce. Retrieved 1027/2012. Document URL: http://www.ncee.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Early-Childhood-Education.pdf Lacour, Misty and Tissington, Laura D. (2011). The effects of poverty on academic achievement.. Retrieved 11/03/2012. Document URL: http://www.academicjournals.org/err/pdf/pdf%202011/july/lacour%20and%20tissington.pdf The RAND Corporation. (n.d.). RAND Corporation: Obective Analysis. Effective Solutions. Retrieved November 03, 2012, from The RAND Corperation: http://www.rand.org/

Relationship between GDP and Public Debt

Relationship between GDP and Public Debt On the Relationship between GDP and Public Debt during the EMU period (1991-present) The Maastricht Treaty laid out a central objective: that in order for the EMU to mature and lead to the establishment of a single currency in the EU – i.e. the Euro, the member nations’ fiscal and monetary policies had to be harmonized. The first task was for nations to reign-in their public debts by controlling their budget deficits. The Treaty created objectives that budget deficits had a ceiling of 3% of the GDP and the public debt had a prescribed limit of 60% of GDP. As Chart 1 reveals, that prior to the EMU efforts starting in 1991, there were some member nations that had extremely high public-debt to GDP ratios and they had to be under pressure to stabilize their government spending, and, hence the public debt. The idea behind imposing the upper limits on debt was to impose discipline and to reduce crowding out of private investment by lowering interest rates. As Chart 2 shows, that even though the growth rates of public debt in the pre-Euro years of the EMU era (1991 to 2005) were lower as compared to the pre-EMU period, they were still high for some countries. In order to study the relationship between GDP and Public Debt, this paper examines whether governments changed their fiscal policy regimes to suit the Maastricht goals. The dependent variable the ratio of Public Dent to Nominal GDP – is regressed on the GDP gap (i.e. the difference between Real GDP and the Potential Real GDP) as well as a dummy variable signaling a period when a regime shift would have occurred. The time-period is 1991-2005 and the data used is from the Eurostat (AMECO). There are two major events in the EMU era – the second phase of the process beginning in 1994 and the establishment of the Euro in 1999. So, two different models are studied – one that has a dummy variable equal to 1 for years 1994 – 2005 (Model A) and the other that has the dummy equal to 1 for 1999-2005 (Model B). If a country began controlling their debt around 1994, there should be a negative coefficient for the dummy in Model A and if they made a serious change in t heir fiscal policy around the time the Euro began, Model B should have a negative coefficient for the dummy. The coefficient for the GDP-gap variable should be negative – as theory dictates. (Macroeconomic theory tells us that governments ought to use expansionary fiscal policy in times of recessions and contract their deficits when the Real GDP cycle turns positive.) OLS Results for Model A. OLS Results for Model B. * These equations had evidence of auto-correlated errors; ** For these cases it is uncertain as to whether or not autocorrelation exists. The coefficient for the GDP gap is negative in almost all cases in both models. Most of the countries that do not have negative coefficients for the dummy variables in either model were those that had low public debt ratios to begin with – i.e. Austria, Finland, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Spain. While Germany also had relatively low levels of debt, the integration of East Germany must have generated fiscal pressures. Among the high-debt countries – Belgium, Ireland, France, and Greece – only the first two show evidence of changing their fiscal policies in the EMU period. France and Greece continued with fairly high growth rates of debt growth. The fact that more countries demonstrate regime changes (negative coefficients for the dummy variable) in Model B might reflect that with the starting of the common currency, there was greater pressure to conform to Maastricht’s conditions. (For the cases exhibiting autocorrelated errors, I tried estimating the equations with differenced variables but that did not lead to improvement with respect to the problem. Hence, the original versions are displayed).

You Will Always Remember Your First Time! :: essays research papers

You Will Always Remember Your First Time!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I wasn't real clear of what actually had just occurred, but I did know that I was in terrible pain. I laid beside the supercross track for at least 20 minutes answering the questions of very eager Emergency Medical personnel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Leave me alone! I will be all right.† I said to the medical guy that was tugging at my chest protector.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If there is one thing that I can not stand is twenty medical people trying to take all of your clothes off for a little cut or scrape. As I was put on a backboard and taken to the ambulance I couldn't help wondering what had went wrong. All I remember seeing was my body tumbling with my bike to an abrupt halt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I laid in the ambulance for what seemed like days. All I could hear were engines revving at high Rpm's and the roar of the crowd when someone styled for the crowd. It was very disheartening to know that I was in the back of an Ambulance at my first professional supercross. The only thing I could do was play the past events over and over in my head.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I couldn't believe it as I looked at a shiny gold and silver card. This card signified all of the rights and privileges of a professional supercrosser. Now I would have the right to race with the worlds best.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dad look it finally came!† I shouted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My dad looked at me with silly grin and said â€Å"Well you knew it was coming, you won your 25th race last month.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I stood there with a smile bigger than the sun on my face I said â€Å"I know but I am still excited about it. Just think I will be racing side by side with Damon Bradshaw and Kevin Windham.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He just smiled and patted me on the back as I turned and walked to my room. I sat dreaming of the race I will enter next month. I had no idea what was in store for me at this spectacular event.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As D-day drew nearer my mind overflowed with anticipation. I gathered my riding gear and my lucky Bart Simpson doll and headed out the door. I won my first race the day I sat my Bart Simpson on my handlebars between races. I have done it ever since to bring me good luck. The ride to Charlotte Motor Speedway was what I thought a trip that would never end. As we entered the pit area I was given a special pass to wear around my neck.

Aldous Huxley :: essays research papers

The English novelist and essayist Aldous Leonard Huxley, b. July 26, 1894, d. Nov. 22, 1963, a member of a distinguished scientific and literary family, intended to study medicine, but was prevented by an eye ailment that almost blinded him at the age of 16. He then turned to literature, publishing two volumes of poetry while still a student at Oxford. His reputation was firmly established by his first novel, Crome Yellow (1921). Huxley's early comic novels, which include Antic Hay (1923), Those Barren Leaves (1925), and Point Counter Point (1928), demonstrate his ability to dramatize intellectual debate in fiction; he discussed philosophical and social topics in a volume of essays, Proper Studies (1927). Brave New World (1932), was his most celebrated work. Aldous Huxley was born in Godalming, Surrey on July 26, 1894, into a well-to-do upper-middle-class family. His father, Leonard Huxley, was a biographer, editor, and poet. He first studied at Eton College, Berkshire (1908-13). When Huxley was fourteen his mother died. At the age of 16 Huxley suffered an attack of keratitis punctata and became for a period of about 18 months totally blind. By using special glasses and one eye recovered sufficiently he was able to read and he also learned Braille. Despite a condition of near-blindness, Huxley continued his studies at Balliol College, Oxford (1913-15), receiving his B.A. in English in 1916. Unable to pursue his chosen career as a scientist - or fight in World War on the front - Huxley turned to writing. His first collection of poetry appeared in 1916 and two more volumes followed by 1920. During the 1920s Huxley formed a close friendship with D.H. Lawrence with whom he traveled in Italy and France. For most of the 1920s Huxley lived in I taly. In the 1930s he moved to Sanary, near Toulon, where he wrote Brave New World, described as a dark vision of a highly technological society of the future. In the1930s Huxley was deeply concerned with the Peace Pledge Union. He moved in 1937 with the guru-figure Gerald Heard to the United States, believing that the Californian climate would help his eyesight, a constant burden. After this turning point in his life, Huxley abandoned pure fictional writing and chose the essay as a way for expressing his ideas. Huxley wrote Brave New World in four months in 1931. It appeared three years after the publication of his best-seller, the novel Point Counter Point.

To what extent is To Kill a Mocking Bird a novel about prejudice? Essay

To what extent is To Kill a Mocking Bird a novel about prejudice? To Kill a Mocking Bird is set in Maycomb in a small southern American county this is of great importance to the novel. Scout best sums up the situation faced by Maycomb by saying 'There was no hurry. Because there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb'. The people of Maycomb were often inter related and posses traditional 'white conservative' moral values. This is why you would expect prejudice, divisions and narrowmindness to take place. Not many people have travelled outside Maycomb, this means they have not experienced different cultures to their own. This leads to a narrow minded community. To some extent to kill a Mocking Bird is a novel about prejudice as we witness adults attitudes to race and social divisions in the 1930's. The views of the people of Maycomb have not changed over time as they still hold the same rigid ideas as their ancestors. Atticus tells Scout 'You might hear some ugly talk about it (Atticus' case), but do one thing for me if you will: you just hold your head high and keep those fists down'. The people of Maycomb take their anger, of defending Tom Robinson out on Scout. Scouts cousin calls Atticus a 'Nigger Lover'. Scout tries to explain to Atticus 'that it wasn't so much what Francis said that had infuriated me as the way he had said it'. We see how Francis takes his families anger of Atticus' case out on Scout. The prejudice from Blacks to Whites is enormous in the novel. We see how harsh the community of Maycomb is towards Blacks and their hatred for them. In the conviction of Tom Robinson we see how an innocent mans freedom is... ...he Ewells is that the people of Maycomb believed that white people should not get involved with blacks, but Mayella broke this rule. Mayella did not intend to hurt Tom she was lonely and only wanted To seek affection. Mayella does not see blacks the same as the rest of Maycomb. 'There are four kinds of folk in the world. There's the ordinary kind like the neighbours, there and us's the kind like the Cunningham's out in the woods, the kind likes the Ewells down at the dumps and the Negroes'. The blacks are still shown below everybody else this shows the social barriers, which exist amongst the people in Maycomb . To kill a Mocking Bird is more then a book about racism it is about accepting people for who they are. Through out the novel we see how prejudice leads to discrimination. We see how people prejudice because they fear something that is different.

Exile and Suffering Essay

Early scholars of Anglo-Saxon literature believed that â€Å"The Seafarer† represented an early pagan poem that had been adapted for Christian audiences by the insertion of pious formulas throughout and a moral at the end; accordingly, these scholars expended considerable ingenuity in attempting to excise the Christian elements to discover the â€Å"real poem† hidden beneath these composite overlays. Pound’s famous translation, in line with this emphasis, systematically removes or downplays many explicitly Christian elements of the poem and stops before the overtly homiletic conclusion, which features some dozen direct references to God and the heavens in the last twenty-five lines. Now, however, critics seem generally to agree that the two halves of the poem are unified by a movement from earthly chaos to heavenly order and that its coherent thematic thrust is the Christian message that the afterlife is more important than life on Earth. The poem is frequently discussed in conjunction with â€Å"The Wanderer,† another Exeter Book poem that shares many themes and motifs with â€Å"The Seafarer,† including the structure in which a specific treatment of biographical subject matter—the plight of a wanderer or Seafarer—is followed by a more general homiletic section that draws a religious meaning from the earlier material. The sailor, as a man required traveling over a hostile and dangerous environment, had always seemed to Christian poets to be a naturally apt image of the believer’s life on Earth, which should be viewed as a hazardous journey to the true homeland of Heaven rather than as a destination to be valued in itself. In this poem, the speaker seems to be a religious man (or reformed sinner) who has chosen the seafaring life as much for its efficacy as a means of spiritual discipline as for any commercial gain to be derived from it. The original opposition in the poem between landsmen and Seafarers gives way to the insight that all men are, or ought to think of themselves as, Seafarers, in the sense that they are all exiles from their true home in Heaven. As lines 31-32 (previously quoted) establish, the land can be just as cold and forbidding as the sea, and the virtuous, at least, should hope that they will be sojourning in this harsh world for only a brief time. True Christian â€Å"Seafarers† must psychologically distance themselves from secular life, as the Seafarer of this poem has done both literally and figuratively. The poet appears to encapsulate his theme at the pivotal midpoint of the poem: â€Å"therefore the joys of the Lord seem warmer to me than this dead life, fleeting on land. † This recommended ascetic withdrawal from worldly interests should enable the Christian to properly reject the comforts of life on the land as transient and seek spiritual rather than physical comforts.

Negative Effects of War Essay

In â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† Tim O’Brien presents many themes within his story. One major theme is the negative effects of war on a soldier. Many situations arise in the story that bring out the theme to make it easy to understand for the reader. The effects of war can be very harmful to a soldier’s life, and he or she can be scarred forever. When Bob Kiley’s friend, Curt Lemon, dies at the beginning of the story, Kiley takes the time to write Lemon’s sister. He wrote about what a good guy Lemon was and the many adventures that he took. Kiley explained that Lemon was a dare devil and a soldier that loved what he did. Bob Kiley did not have to write to his friend’s sister at all, but he did it out of kindness. He poured his heart out into the letter because he wanted his friend’s sister to understand what a great guy he was. O’Brien’s narrator tells the reader that, â€Å"[h]e says he loved the guy. He says the guy was his best friend in the world. They were like soul mates, he says, like twins or something, they had a whole lot in common† (O’Brien 347). Kiley went into detail about some events, but he wanted this girl to know everything. He sent the letter and he waited for two months for one in return. She never sent Bob Kiley a letter back and he got upset. The negative effects of war made him go into detail about the story and that may have made the sister not write him. When a soldier sends a letter to someone, all they want is one in return. It makes them feel good when they know someone is at home thinking about them too. War can make a soldier feel alone and having someone to write to can make them feel wanted. Kiley felt alone and used when he did not get a letter in return. He wrote the letter out of kindness and all he wanted was a thank you from the girl. If she would have sent Kiley a letter in return he would have felt better about himself. When Curt Lemon died, the story portrays his death three different times. Each time his death is told it is told in different ways. Curt Lemon’s death was caused by a booby-trap buried in the ground. The story portrays him floating into the sunlight through the trees. The negative effects of war can cause soldiers to remember someone’s death in detail. They remember him being blown into pieces as he was killed. Remembering vivid details about someone else’s death can cause disturbing flashbacks in a soldier’s life. The death of Curt Lemon caused Bob Kiley to take out his frustration on a baby water buffalo. When they stopped to rest for the night Kiley takes an unexpected turn and shoots the buffalo in the leg. He continuously tortures the animal, as the others soldiers watch in disbelief. O’Brien’s narrator tells the reader that, â€Å"[t]he whole platoon stood there watching, feeling all kinds of things, but there wasn’t a great deal of pity for the baby water buffalo† (O’Brien 352). The buffalo takes the torture and never reacts. The negative effects of war caused Bob Kiley to do something that no one could ever believe doing. He lost his best friend, so he took his pain out on the water buffalo. Any soldier in their right mind would have enough sense not to kill an animal, but the negative effects of war can change people. Kiley will never be the same because of the things he had to endure during his time of duty. War can change a soldier in many ways. They may go home and never be the same as before they left. Often, soldiers will tell stories, but they will not be entirely true. O’Brien’s narrator tells the reader that, â€Å"[i]n war you lose your sense of the definite, hence your sense of truth itself, and therefore it’s safe to say that in a true war story nothing much is ever very true† (O’Brien 354). The negative effects of war can be very harmful to a soldier’s life.

Stand Your Ground

Diamond Crenshaw Professor Roost VPA 192: MW 31 October 2013 Stand Your Ground Law Liberty cannot be preserved without general knowledge among the people. -John Adams As many of you are aware about the Traywon Martin / George Zimmerman story as well as Marissa Alexander on going story and both final Judgments so I became very curious about the â€Å"Stand Your Ground† law. In todays society, many young people especially minorities like me who aren't aware about many laws that could actually prevent a harsh Judgment if not any sentencing at all. Stand your round law originally branched off from another familiar law the Castle Doctrine.The Castle Doctrine acts as a self-defense law especially designed for those with homes. If an individual experience an intrusion while home they may act in the best possible way of protecting themselves and cannot be charged with any crime. The stand your ground law was to help those who felt the need to take actions into their own hands during t ragic and horrific situations. In some cases, citizens felt death was a last resort and they should not be penalized for self-defense. In 2005 (Octoberl, to be exact), Florida was the first state to pass a law where you could revoke (go against) the duty to retreat.The duty to retreat is if a person who may be faced with existing danger, they are to retreat (step back) before using any violence. Stand your ground also provide immunity (exception) from being prosecuted or entire trial all together, in most states. Since 2005, 25 other states have also passed this law which are mostly the mid-western and southern and led by Republicans. States with stand your round law condones someone using force before stepping back and no arrest can be made unless there is evidence proving otherwise. Meanwhile every state has their own interpretation of this law, Florida's goes to extreme measures.In Florida, this law could be applied to you in any environment in that state unlike in Wisconsin this law does not extend to public areas. In North Carolina, it's illegal to use a deadly force to a man of the law, landlords and bail bondsman but in South Carolina; you can only apply this law if the person wasn't engaged in illegal activity. In February 2012, Traywon Martin was killed by George Zimmerman who was a neighborhood watchman. Traywon Martin was an unarmed 17 year old boy who was Just walking home from a local store when he was stopped by Zimmerman who felt Traynv'on was up to no good.Zimmerman was taken into custody after being treated for head injuries where he was questioned about the incident for five hours. The police chief released Zimmerman stating that he had a right to defend himself with excessive force and by the Stand Your Ground law he was to release Zimmerman immediately. As this case was heard about throughout the country, great deal of media coverage, and protests Florida decided to make a full investigation. About six weeks after the shooting, Zimmerman wa s finally arrested and charged with murder and if found guilty he was looking at life without any parole.Trial began on June 10, 2013 and after manslaughter charges. The Juries believe Zimmerman was acting in self-defense and there no injustice present. Zimmerman suffered from a fractured nose and injuries on the back of the head. Zimmerman defense team stated due to Martin's taller rame and stamina, he had to act in such a violent way. Traywon Martin was 5'1 1, 185 pounds who played football at his local high school meanwhile George Zimmerman who was 28 years old at the time was 5'8 and 200 pounds.One day after the verdict, the NAACP started a petition asking the Justice department to open a civil rights case against George Zimmerman. In Just a few hours, over 130,000 people signed the petition. Attorney General Eric Holder said the Department of Justice was currently looking into opening a civil rights case and also criticized the stand your ground law. One month after the verdict was read, one of the Jurors spoke out and stated she â€Å"felt in her heart that Zimmerman was guilty and now she regretted her choice†.She also stated that the Judge reminded the Jury when deciding on a sentence to use the evidence at hand and not on sympathy for the family. Nonviolent rallies have been held in over 100 cities about racial profiling. Marissa Alexander is also a victim of the stand your ground law. She is currently serving 20 years for shooting warning shots to her estranged husband who was abusive to her during and after her pregnancy ack in 2010. The mother of 3 had no prior record before the shooting. Alexander went back to her previous home that she thought was deserted to retrieve some of her belongings where she end up arguing with her husband.In the mist of the argument, her husband chased her into her to the bathroom where she locked herself in for protection. Her husband broke down the door, grabs her and slams her head into the bathroom door. Some how she was able to break away from him and immediately ran pass his two young sons and out of the home. She realizes that she eft her car keys inside the home so she retrieves her licensed gun. As she re-entered the home, she fired a warning shot into the wall that ricochet into the ceiling.The court revoke her from using the stand your ground law because they believe she fired the gun with intentions of harming her husband as well as she had the opportunity to get away once she got outside the house. The children were also present during the ordeal and couldVe been harmed as well. In the state of Florida there's a law called 10-20 Life which was passed in 1999 whereas anyone who uses he gun in the commission of certain felonies gets an automatic 10 years in prison, if you fire the gun an automatic 20 years and if you shoot and wound someone you get 25 years to life.Marissa Alexander not only was stripped away her rights of using the stand your ground for acting in self-defense but she was charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon and was sentenced to 20 years in prison. In September 2013, the District Court of Appeals for Florida decided to grant Marissa Alexander a new trial since the previous Judge did not properly instruct the Jury on what is onsidered as self-defense.Many politicians including Senator John McCain have stated â€Å"l can also see that the stand your ground law may be something that needs to be reviewed by the Florida Legislature or any other Legislature† where a lot of people are starting to disagree. So what have we learned from Stand Your Ground law? It's okay to kill a young teen who looks suspect because he's wearing a oversized hoodie and when you actually act in self-defense with nobody being harmed you are still used the same in every state and in the state of Florida this law needs major adjustments.

Analysis of Central Idea in Helena Maria Viramontes’ “The Moths” Essay

The short story â€Å"The Moths† by Helena Maria ViraMontes is the story of a Latina granddaughter reminiscing about her relationships between herself and family, most specifically with her grandmother, when the narrator was a teenage girl. The narrator speaks about the indifference she felt among her sisters because she feels she was not pretty enough and could not â€Å"do the girl things they could do† (ViraMontes 1118.) Furthermore she expresses that she is always in trouble and she is used to getting punished for her disruptiveness. She spends her time watching over her grandmother since her grandmother has always watched over her. Throughout the story, the grandmother progressively becomes more and more ill with cancer, while the grandaughter becomes more and more emotionally, and productively responsible. Finally the cancer kills the grandmother, and the granddaughter continues to take care of her, undressing her and washing her in the tub, as she holds her and rocks her back and forth. At this point, moths are released from the grandmother; the moths which the grandmother told the granddaughter â€Å"lay within the soul and slowly eat the spirit up† (ViraMontes 1121.) The granddaughter cries and sobs in the tub with her grandmother until her sadness transformed into relief. Later the granddaughter talks about the sun and how it cannot shine forever. It must disappear in order to reappear for the next day. She also notices that â€Å"endings are inevitable† (ViraMontes 1121) and it is necessary to be reborn. After the grandmother has passed, on the granddaughter who felt so distant from her mother, now longs to be with her, to establish a new relationship was born from the death of an old one. Therefore during emotionally challenging times, we must all be able to let our guard down, be vulnerable, and allow our emotions to own us in order to obtain peace in one’s life.

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, and The Yellow Wall Paper Essay

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, and The Yellow Wall Paper - Essay Example This led to almost a unanimous conclusion that he would have been an angle were it not on the mortal features that would be observed from him. The theme of the supernatural in the form of mortals would be espoused through the story as was contrasted with magical power as well as the mystery of punishing disobedience with change from human form to the form of a spider as was the case with the ‘spider girl’. External conflict is very evident as father Gonzaga tries tirelessly to restrain people from converging at Pelayo’s home to view the claimed angle before the higher church authority would pass the verdict of confirming or not that the man was indeed an angle. People would therefore leave and when the spider girl arrives within the city, more attention by the people would be shifted to her because she proves to be more friendly and humane than Pelayo’s old man. There is therefore the conflict of interest and the girl becomes more famous than the old man at Pelayo’s home. The theme of spirituality and religion is much pronounced within the story with Pelayo’s neighbor having the position that the old man must have been an angel who came for Pelayo’s child while the father and the higher authority in the church refuted the claim and had the position that the mysterious old man must have been a fake angel. Predominance of the mystery behind the nature of the man however remains when after the winter, the man grows more feathers and one day flies away as Pelayo’s wife watch although to her relief because she had already grown tired of the mysterious visitor (GradeSaver LLC., para 1-4). Charlotte Perkins wrote the short story on yellow wall paper expounding on the theme of family and the position of women in the society as was depicted at the time. From the story, one major lesson dominates; that human beings, just as is the case

The Theory of Comparative Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Theory of Comparative Advantage - Essay Example 47). The terms like comparative or relative advantages have often failed to create same impression as that of absolute advantage and hence this concept of comparative advantage has often been misunderstood. The concept of absolute advantage as described by Adam Smith suggests that a commodity produced cheaper by a foreign nation should rather be bought from that nation and the resources available should be employed in a way which we have some advantage (Bromley et al., 2004, p. 46). This simplicity of absolute advantage has made the concept very popular and easy to comprehend. Moving on to the concept of comparative advantage given by David Ricardo; the concept is not at all intuitive at first go and will require explicit numerical examples for better explanation. To begin, we consider two nations "Nation A" and "Nation B" and both producing two goods, cloth which is a manufactured good and fruit wine which can be considered as an agricultural product. Both the products are produced in these countries. As Ricardo had assumed, we start with Nation A which can produce fruit wine efficiently while Nation B is considered more productive and can produce both cloth and fruit wine efficiently. ... A country is said to have a comparative advantage in the production of cloth if it can produce it at a lower opportunity cost. The opportunity cost in the given business scenario of cloth production is the amount of wine that must be given up to produce for producing a unit of cloth. If Nation A is in comparative advantage in the production of cloths then the fruit wine production it is giving up to produce another unit of cloth is less than that of Nation B. The theory of comparative advantage when applied to modern business scenario, we consider two countries producing two goods using labor as the only factor of production. Here the goods have been considered as a homogeneous output and at the same time labor is also a homogeneous entity within the same nation. But the same labor is heterogeneous across different countries. Other factors like goods transportation between countries and labor relocation within country are all been considered costless. Relocation of labor across countries is not possible. Labor is fully employed and it's the labor productivity parameters according to which production technology are being reflected (Bromley et al., 2004, p. 56). The business model based on this theory actually gives an overview of what exactly will happen when a country moves from a state of economic island to a free trade to the other country. The main things which require care are trade's effects on the prices of the goods in each country , the production levels of the goods, employment levels in each of the nation involved, the trade pattern, consumption level and national as well as individual welfare. The liberated trade and

Personal Definition of Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Definition of Innovation - Essay Example In this regard, the essay aims to propose a personal definition of innovation taking into consideration a comparative analysis of the concepts of innovation, invention, and creativity. Likewise, a description of the relationship between technical or traditional problem solving and creative or intuitive problem solving would be proffered. An explanation of the importance of innovation to the success of individuals, organizational leaders, organizations, and nations would also be presented. Finally, a determination of the importance of management systems and styles to creating an organization where innovation is enabled would be discussed. Innovation is a process of creative change with a clearly defined purpose of improving a current system or operating process to attain maximized potentials of resources towards a higher level of growth. As a process, innovation needs the application of effective strategies for improved performance. It accurately defines specific aspects to be addressed: a weakness, a threat, a gap in an organization’s current operating system or structure and outlines alternative courses of action that presents possible and viable solutions to the identified dilemma. Innovation, as a change process, is designed with the vision to increase the satisfaction of the organizations’ target market and thereby contribute to the maximization of organizational goals. Innovation is the â€Å"process by which an idea or invention is translated into a good or service for which people will pay. In business, innovation results often from the application of a scientific or technical idea in decreasing the gap between the needs or expectations of the customers and the performance of a firms products† (Business Dictionary, 1). vaccine against market slowdowns and an elixir that rejuvenates growth† (Rigby, et.al, 79). The authors compared innovation to evolving changes in a fashion industry requiring continuous reinvention of product line,

Please write a response on two episodes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Please write a response on two episodes - Essay Example He is undeniably intrigued by a scientific approach taken to food and he very subtly also inculcates this interest in the viewers also. It is normally thought that when it comes to food, one cannot reinvent the wheel. However, Ferran Adria is one man who experiments with his food in a laboratory which suggests that the wheel is in fact reinvented. Bourdain certainly has a very distinct food philosophy which he seems to energetically defend in this video, Decoding Ferran Adria. The bedrock of this food philosophy is formed by the idea that the most riveting and soulful kind of food cannot be produced under laboratory conditions. Such kind of food is mostly found in the most chaotic kind of kitchens where sweating chefs struggle to keep up with the customers’ orders. However, the revolutionary approach taken to food by Adria appears to have mesmerized Bourdain because it somehow turns out to be

Summary Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary - Coursework Example Chinese security regulators also allowed traders of Shanghai and Hong-Kong to trade on each other’s markets. In terms of ex-Chief economist of the World trade organization these Chinese acts are to show Chinese leadership of the region, and it also depicts Chinese political ambitions. China has also made a deal with the  United States in order to remove tariffs on variety of Information technology products. Both countries will also  attempt to make other countries pursue the same strategy  under the  World Trade Organization (Bradsher & Stevenson, 2014). Warren E. Buffett’s ‘Berkshire Hathaway’ is decided to buy ‘Duracell’ from Procter & Gamble, valued at $4.7 billion by swapping his holding in P&G  with the re-known battery company. The deal is named as ‘cash-rich-split-off’. Through this deal, Warren E. Buffett found a way to buy a well-known brand without much tax bill. Internal Revenue service allowed such sell without big tax hit. On the other hand, P&G  has decided only to focus on its major money making businesses of toothpaste, detergent, and razors. Mr. Buffett has been a strong advocate of higher personal taxes. However, like many other companies, using so-called inversion; Mr. Buffet has traded with many high-named companies. However, he has called the two paradoxical actions as consistent  and strongly defended his actions in media. Mr. Buffet is more inclined in buying companies than holding major stakes. The purchase of Duracell, which makes 25% of the global battery market, is in the same line of actions. On the other hand, P&G is perusing a policy of shedding its small businesses (De La Merced, 2014). Delaware Court of Chancery Vice Chancellor said Royal Bank of Canada ought to pay $75.8 million to cover  losses incurred  by  Rural/Metros former shareholders  due to RBC’s inability to disclose the conflicts in interest that tainted the $438 million buyout of the ambulance operator. The

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Report - Essay Example competition but has had to dictate and shape organisations in terms of what consumers wants, how and when they want it and what they are prepared to pay for it (Hagan 1996:1). Kanter (1995:71) on his work of â€Å"Mastering Change† argues that success in the present day business is not for those companies that re-engineer the way they do things, or for those fixing the past. According to Kanter (1995) such an action will not constitute an adequate response. This is so because success is based on an organisation’s ability to create, rather than predict the future by developing those products that will literally transform the way the world thinks and view it self and the needs (Kanter 1995:71). This paper focuses on Tesco and using certain analytical techniques such as the PESTLE framework and Porter’s competitive advantage to diagnose the activities of the company in the phase of the global financial crisis. The last part of the paper uses the cultural and the organisational paradigm to challenge the taken for granted assumption and consequently design a way forward change program for Tesco. Tesco PLC is an international retailer. According to the company web page, the principal activity of the Company is food retailing with over 2,000 stores in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan and China. On September 30, 2005, the Company entered into an agreement to dispose of its operation in Taiwan to Carrefour as part of a transaction to acquire Carrefours businesses in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (Company 2007 Report). The company is in simple insurance, telecoms, personal finance and recycling. The Tesco Plc website states â€Å"shareholders. Today the Group operates in 12 markets outside the UK, in Europe, Asia and North America. Over 160,000 employees work in our international businesses, serving over 28 million customers and generating  £13.8

Questions to Answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Questions to Answer - Essay Example These laws are what are regarded to as common law. When there is incongruity between two parties in relation to the law, then a common law court is obligated to listen to the case and refer to analogous or similar cases that have occurred in the past and incorporate their resolutions in decision making (Pozgar, 2011). In other words, if a judgment had been issued in a similar case in the past, then the judge or arbitrator in this case is required to follow the same logical thinking as the previous case. If there has never been a similar case, then it is the obligation of the judge or arbitrator to form or create a standard model as an example that would be referred to by other judges and arbitrators in future. Pozgar (2011) further notes that having a case to refer to and use it in decision making introduces the concept of impartiality in judgments as issues not covered by other laws in a jurisdiction are awarded similar rulings or verdicts. These common laws are however not permanent as they can be changed depending on the current needs of the society (Pozgar, 2011). According to Pozgar (2011), foreseeability is "The reasonable anticipation that harm or injury is likely to result from a commission or omission of an act" (p. 41). An individual can prevent the occurrence of a damaging incident or event if he or she predicts that the incident will occur on the basis of available information or facts. Having a clear understanding of the facts can help an individual in making decisions that would avert or prevent the occurrence of any harmful incident. In a court of law, a defendant is investigated or questioned with an intention of finding out whether he or she could have prevented injury or harm to a petitioner through analyzing data and information at hand. As an example, take the case of a patient lying to a healthcare practitioner when he seeks a clarification of the patients medical history. If

Mia philippines Essay Example for Free

Mia philippines Essay The Philippines was first put on the map by Portuguese adventurer Magellan working for the Spanish throne on March 16, 1521. The Philippines had become a Spanish colony and was the first country to be named after a sovereign, Phillip II of Spain.1 Spanish rule had continued until 1898 when the Philippines had become an American colony following the Spanish-American War for the stately sum of $20 million. In 1942 during WWII, the Philippines had fallen under Japanese occupation and was liberated by American and Filipino forces under the leadership of General Douglas MacArthur in a fiercely contested battle that raged on between 1944 and 1945. The Philippines had attained its independence on July 4, 1946, and had a functioning democratic system. 2 The Philippines Archipelago consisted of 7,100 islands, covering an area of 299,735 square kilometers and was slightly larger than Arizona. The capital city of Manila was situated on the largest Philippine island of Luzon (see Exhibit 1). The Philippines had a gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of $3,400.3 The percentage of the population of the Philippines living below US$2 a day was 45.2 per cent in 2006.4 PHILIPPINE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Research conducted in 2009 showed that the Philippines was ranked 140th for ease of doing business and 155th for starting a business, out of a total of 178 countries. It took on average 15 procedures and a total of 52 days to complete business startup procedures in the Philippines compared to six procedures and 44.2 days and 5.8 procedures and 13.4 days for the same process in Asia and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, respectively.5 The Philippines had the second lowest savings and investment as share of GDP ratio in Asia6 (see Exhibit 2). PHILIPPINE FISHING INDUSTRY The Philippines has total territorial waters of 2.2 million square kilometers, of which coastal waters comprise 266,000 square kilometers and coastal reef area (10 to 20 fathoms deep, where reef fishing takes place) comprise 27,000 square kilometers.7 In 2003, the Philippines ranked eighth among the top fish-producing countries in the world with its total production of 3.62 million metric tons of fish, crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic plants (including seaweed). The production constituted 2.5 per cent of the total world production of 146.27 million metric tons.8 The fishing industry’s contribution to the country’s GDP was 2.3 per cent and 4.2 per cent, at current and constant prices, respectively. The industry employed a total of 1,614,368 fishing operators nationwide,9 of which the artisanal fisheries sector accounted for 1,371,676.10 Artisanal fishing operations were typically family-based and used smaller craft. There were a total of 469,807 fishing boats in the Philippines, of which 292,180 were non-motorized and 177,627 were motorized.11 Fish was not only an important source of nutrition, but as fishing did not require landownership or special permits it was an employment of last resort for people who had no other means of subsistence. MIA, DENMARK MIA was established in Denmark in 1975 by wealthy businessman Hagen Nordstrom, who dedicated the NGO to his wife Mia and made fighting poverty his life’s work. (MIA stood for â€Å"beloved† in Danish.) MIA had initially focused solely on poverty-alleviating projects in Africa and had expanded its operations to Latin America and the Caribbean only in the early 1990s. The grandson of Nordstrom, Gillis Nordstrom, had taken over as MIA chairman in 2004 on the eve of the Bander Aceh Tsunami of December 26, 2004, which devastated Southeast Asia and killed as many as 130,000 people.12 Nordstrom had taken initiative and redirected MIA to focus on disaster recovery and poverty alleviation projects in Southeast Asia. MIA had established an office in Manila in January 2006, and the young Danish development economist Borje Petersen was hired to manage the MIA Philippines office. Petersen was paid a starting salary of $75,000 a year plus housing, slightly below average for a comparable development economist position. Petersen knew that MIA’s attention was focused on Indonesia and Malaysia, which had been the hardest hit by the tsunami, and was anxious to carve out a position for MIA Philippines by designing an exceptional project. As the expansion into Asia was the pet project of MIA’s chairman, Petersen felt assured that funding would be easily appropriated and even expedited. Petersen knew that the average overseas posting for a development economist for MIA was two years and had quickly established contact with local and international stakeholders and set up numerous meetings with large development project counterparts such as the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and the German development aid organization GFZ to get an expedited understanding of the Philippines and its unique needs. Based on the initial research, Petersen had decided that, whereas an agricultural project would be feasible, it would take a long time to realize and the outcome could be complicated given the Philippines’ proneness to be hit by typhoons. Petersen’s research had revealed that small-scale aquaculture projects had been successfully implemented in the Philippines in the past. However, there were hardly any projects to speak of directed at artisanal fishing and picking up on the vested opportunity and his desire to deliver fast results and prove himself worthy of the task that MIA and its chairman demanded, he had chosen to design a project helping artisanal fishermen. Petersen had researched the possibility of helping a fishing village close to Manila and the search for the ideal village had come to a successful ending when MIA’s driver, Vicente Tubo, had mentioned how some of his distant cousins fished for a living in a fishing village seven to nine hours by car from Manila. A factfinding mission to the village Barangay San Hagon was undertaken and the village was thus chosen as the beneficiary of MIA’s pilot project in the Philippines. BARANGAY SAN HAGON Barangay San Hagon boasted 125 households and had a resident population of 625. San Hagon lay on the south coast of Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines. The Barangay was the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and stemmed from the Spanish â€Å"Barrio.†13 Barangay San Hagon was administered by a local government unit (LGU) and consisted of seven Barangay council members and a chairman. The chairman of Barangay San Hagon was Rafael Buenaventura, age 59, who had held office for more than a decade. Fishing villages in the Philippines were very vulnerable to external risk, especially natural calamities such as typhoons, flooding and fish kills, which severely affected their financial situation.

The Affects of Electronic Communication on Me, My Family and Society Essay Example for Free

The Affects of Electronic Communication on Me, My Family and Society Essay In this task I am going to write a report on the effects of electronic communication on me, my family and the society. I will extend my report by giving a clear explanation that includes society in general, i. e. people and situations outside of my normal experience (i. e. business). I will also include in this report the people that do not have access to electronic communication. Uses of electronic communication at home (within my experience) Computers/Laptops Computers and Laptops are both common communication items at most people’s households. There are many communication features as well as software on a laptop and computer which are helpful in a day to day lifestyle. I use my laptop a lot to complete various pieces of coursework. One of the main programs I use is the word processing packages. Using this software I can save, edit text and print many documents. Without my laptop I would have to write out each piece of coursework for a draft version and then again for my final version. This would be very time consuming. Using my laptop I can type up my draft version and then edit that version to produce my final copy. I can easily click print to have a hard copy of my work. Another useful function of the word processing package is the fact that it automatically show me if I have any spelling errors or grammatical error. One type of error which word cannot identify is homophone or apostrophe errors. There is also the synonym function. This function gives a selection of words with a similar or same meaning. Computers and Laptops have made coursework more accurate because of the spell check and grammatical function as well as it is made much neater compared to a hand-written piece of work. If I was to handwrite my work then I would have to cross out any errors I made. This would make my work messy and therefore the presentation of my work wouldn’t be presentable. There are many other programs which I use on my laptop which include; spreadsheets, publishers, local databases etc. Each of these programs has its own special features. Internet I use the internet for researching various aspects for my work and coursework, communicating with friends and family via e-mail, facebook and msn. It is also useful for checking cinema listings, train timings, elevision programme schedules etc. I used the internet for the research of my coursework. I am an A-level student and have a lot to research for my courses hence I need to carry out my study over the internet. A lot of the courses I study at college require relevant research and information therefore I need electronic communication so I can have access to the related information. If I did not have access to the internet at home then I would have to make alternate arrangements so I could access the information. These arrangements would either be the library or a friend or relatives house. This could become inconvenient as if I had to go to the library I would have to be wary of the timings or if I had to go to a friend’s house I would have to make sure they are home or available. I will soon be applying for university and hence will need to research into career prospects and courses that I would like to do at university. Also I will have to fill in the online UCAS application to ensure I have a place in university. The new online process is very effective as once the form has been submitted I would be able to track my application to see which universities have offered me a place. If I had to send my application via mail then there would be chances of the letter being lost or undelivered. The online process guarantee’s that the universities have received my application. I also use the online banking service which most banks offer. This is so I can access details of my account using electronic communication. This service is very useful as I can handle my accounts while sitting at home instead of having to go to the bank. Through electronic communication I am able to do online shopping. This service is very effective as I can order clothes over the internet and my parents can order their house hold items, i. . groceries. This saves them going to the supermarket to make these purchases. Any big supermarket offer this service (for example: Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury, etc). The internet also helps my family and me to find jobs. There are many websites online which help me to find a variety of jobs which suits my timings. I am able to access the information about each job and process applications for the jobs I want online making it more convenient. The online service makes it easier for my family and me as we know that the application has been received before the closing date. Using electronic communication we are able to get an immediate respond to whether any members of my family or me have been accepted for the job. Using the internet I can also find out information on bus and train transportation. I can find the running times for both services and also book train tickets online. This guarantees that I have a ticket for a certain train time instead of having to go to the train station to book the ticket. Also if I book the ticket earlier than it turns out cheaper so I am able to save money and time. Weather updates are also available via electronic communication. Many websites (i. e. bbc, metro weather, etc) contain weather updates. This is an easy service to access as we are able to check the forecast for up to 10 days online. This helps us when we want to plan days out or family events. I can also find weather for various countries and the average temperature for each month of the year. This is handy when my family wants to book a holiday abroad. Also accessible using electronic communication is holiday packages. I have researched several holiday packages online and then booked the one that suits my family. This saves time as I wouldn’t have to keep going to a travel agent to find out details about my vacation. A well known electronic communication method is via e-mail or msn. I am able to talk to friends and family through both of these services. Msn is a good online chat services for instant messaging. Using msn I can talk to my friends and family abroad. The e-mail service is good for passing a message on to someone who currently can’t talk at the same time as me. Also via e-mail I can send work to my teachers and peers. Radio Radio is another type of electronic communication. It is used to broadcast signals across the country. The advantage of these broadcasts is that these are a good variety of stations which can be picked up from one radio player. Alongside the advantages are disadvantages. These are that the signal is not always clear and as there is already a lot of stations there is no more space for more stations to open. Many messages can be announced on air, i. e. birthday wishes, news, etc. If I do not always have access to a computer or laptop then I can call the radio station and ask for a friend or family member’s birthday to be announced. Telephone/Mobile phones Mobile phones can be used for communication in many different ways; either by call or SMS (Short Message Service). Mobile phones can be used anywhere without the need of a cable. If I want to talk about something private then the best method to use is SMS as no one can hear my conversation. There are many disadvantages to using a mobile phone. I don’t always have signal or if I do it isn’t always strong making the phone calls disruptive. I use the SMS service a lot to keep in contact with my friends. It is an easy service to use and can be used at anytime of the day. The disadvantage of using the SMS service is that it can be very time consuming when I want to hold a two way conversation hence a phone call would be the easiest method. Telephones (home phones) are used to keep in contact with other members of the family as well as friends. This type of phone doesn’t always have a wire although it can only be used within a certain range. Uses of electronic communication by a business (out of my normal experience) Electronic communication is well known in businesses. There are many electronic communication items used which are essential to the business.

Ethics in Data and Web Mining

Ethics in Data and Web Mining Liliam Faraon What is the importance of ethics in Data Mining? We live in a time when the pursuit of knowledge is indispensable. From the transformations we have witnessed in the past years, we can acknowledge that information assumes a growing importance and a requirement for any sector of human activity. Some authors say that 90% of all data in the world has been generated over the last two years, and more and more devices will be connected to the internet generating data that can be used by companies to predict patterns of consumption and increase specific sales. The article: 17 Internet of Things Facts Everyone Should Read published by Forbes in October, 2015, brings us an idea of some numbers and the potential market that is available to be exploit: Nowadays there are more objects connected to the internet than people; By the year of 2020 around 250.000 vehicles will be connected to the internet, (saving time spend in traffic, fuel, improving the performance and protecting the environment and generating data); The global wearable device market has grown 223% only in 2015 specially by the launching of Fitbit ® and Apple Watches; Internet of Things will add $10 to $15 trillion to global GDP by 2036; But looking at all the facts some questions are raised, such as: how the data we produce is managed and stored? How is it perceived? How businesses are taking advantage from all the that information? And finally, how do we protect our own data and make sure is not being used without consent? Thats where web mining poses a threat to ethical values, such as individuality and privacy. Improvements in IT and storage capacity has enabled companies to develop tools for data collection through many channels. There are a variety of ways individuals generate data, such as: ATM visits, bar-code readers, biometric devices, credit and debit card transactions, loyalty clubs, medical records, online shopping, rentals, scanners, subscriptions, website browsing and use of many Smart devices available. As a result, there is an exponential growth of the amount of data stored and available to be explored. This generation of data brought the need of new techniques and technologies that can analyse and convert all this information into useful knowledge and Data Mining becomes a very powerful resource. When all these data are merged and mined, they can infer a persons associations, credit information, health, income, political interests and tastes. Liu defines data mining as The process of discovering useful patterns or knowledge from data sources à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The patterns must be valid, potentially useful and understandable. (Liu, 2011, p. 6). Data mining based on algorithms are very automated and analytical tools and its use is rapidly increasing. By combining databases, information visualisation, machine learning, mathematical modelling, pattern recognition, statistics and more recently artificial intelligence, very large and complex datasets can be analysed and relationships, patterns, outliers and trends can be revealed. Figure 1: Data Mining         Ã‚   Raw data itself is not useful at all, but the information that can be extracted from the data is where the real value seats. We have endless amounts of data being produced and stored, it makes sense companies and governments have the desire to analyse all this data to uncover patterns potentially useful hidden in there. Data Mining process is basically categorised into two classes: Descriptive: describes the general properties of information stored in a database Predictive: draws inferences from the data in order to make predictions. Witten emphasises: Data Mining is about solving problems by analysing data already present in databases (Witten, 2013, p. 4). Decision makers desire the right answers for broad questions and obviously, the more data gathered the more questions raised. Which customers are likely to respond in a positive way to a marketing campaign? What products will have more success when launched? What is the best price range for a new product? How do the competitors tend to react? The response for those questions cannot be reached based on feelings or intuition, they can be answered by analysing customers behaviour and profile using data mining tools. By collecting and summarizing and making use of data mining companies and organisations can identify insights and obtain competitive advantage, recognize potential competitors, improve customer service relationship, target customer expectations and needs. It also has important uses in social business and science, most recently Government Agencies are using Data and Web mining applications to uncover criminal activities such as terrorist threats. There are many Data Mining tools are available in the market nowadays, each one with its particularities, the most common are KNIME, NLTK, Orange, RapidMiner (formerly known as YALE), R-Programming and WEKA . Ethics must be a condition of the world, like logic. Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889-1951. Giant social media such as LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter hold billions of users data, keeping these data protect and as a secret is a big concern. When an individual creates an account on any of those social media channels a policy agreement is accepted, and it is basically data related. Data Mining analysts use people personal information collected by organisations all over the world through many different technologies and use them especially for prediction analysis, but practitioners must be very careful when analysing patterns, certain kinds of discrimination are not only unethical but also illegal, gender, religion, race and certain sensitive information is totally unacceptable, in the other hand, anonymizing data is very difficult, for example, over 85% of Americans can be identified from publicity available records using just three pieces of information: zip code, birth date and sex (Witten, 2013, p.33). When a person shops for a product online, the company has access to customers address, credit card, name, phone number and other information in their database. But how does the company encrypts the information and protects it from misuse or security breach is and ethical and legal issue. Some matters are also raised: Is it ethical and legal to use the users information for publicity purposes? How can users protect their right of privacy? Where does the right of a company meets the ethics when sharing its data with another company to comprehend and understand customers and increase profit by selling this information to third party companies is a very important matter and it must be carefully discussed. There is a thin line between of a persons privacy and companys right to use it. When a person provides personal information, he or she needs to know how and what it will be used and a few steps must be taken to guarantee confidentiality and integrity. The use of data particularly data about people for data mining has serious ethical implications and practitioners of data mining techniques must act responsibly by making themselves aware of the ethical issues that surround their particular application. (Witten, 2013, p. 33). There is a growing concern regarding to the use of private and sensitive information and the ethical issues of Data Mining must be analysed and understood both from the business and the personal point of view. From a personal point of view, by Data Mining execution respecting consent, privacy and regulations customers might appreciate the fact they are being target with more personalized offers based on circumstances and needs and in return they may be willing to provide more specific data about themselves. From a business point of view by respecting the privacy issues companies will save resources as they will be able to target very specific customers for certain products. It is obvious that as any other powerful technology there are negative consequences of Data Mining, some results can ineffective, misdirected or unregulated, but if used correctly it can be very resourceful. Some points are very important and organizations making use of data mining techniques should give a thought about them when the use of personal data is planned: Connectivity and data sharing All the users and people that give consent are connected through the internet and share data Security is essential Once all the information traffics through databases, companies worry about the security and privacy, that way all the data will be encrypted, the web services will be hosted in a server with a certificate installed and authentication user The importance of Privacy Policy Privacy Policy is a legal statement and regulates the privacy policy related to users personal data which is under companies responsibility Infrastructure The process will not function without an application to analyse, interpret, read and draw patterns from the data Account management: Gathering and leveraging Account Management has all the information gathered and leveraged, and elaborate can advertising campaigns. It plays an important role in the profitability of the company Information could be released without the consent of the person, it becomes an ethical dilemma, because sometimes the users are unaware of the information gathered and that is being used by companies. It is very important to highlight that the person has the right to know how it will be used and should be able to have the opportunity to consent or not the collection and use. And also when a person becomes part of a group profile and used as a decision making basis, the individuality is threatened, people cannot be judged only as group members, but also as an individual, able to make its own decisions. It is likely that in the next few years an inspection of ethical issues and legal implications will be further required, legislation of digital privacy will be developed and laws will enter force, confidentiality and privacy preservation should be the main points of concern. Unauthorised extraction of data will be considered a crime and companies must be ready for that. Data Mining algorithms are very important and powerful tools for analysis and predictions, they are expected to become more and more significant in the future, decision based on data will change the way companies base their processes, of course there are no 100% guarantee that they will succeed, but, are more likely to be successful than decisions based on feelings or gut. Once patterns are revealed profiles can be drown and stereotypes can be used for crime prevention, commercial proposes, marketing campaigns, policies development and many others. Meanwhile Data Mining ethical issues need to be raised and awareness increased, as the world continues to develop, more and more data is likely to be collected and the Data Mining processes will become more sophisticated. People will need to get a clearer idea of privacy and companies will have to become more transparent on its processes of collect, gather and use of data. Cook, Jack (2005). Ethics of data mining. Available at: http://scholarworks.rit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1443context=article Ethics in Computing. Available at: https://ethics.csc.ncsu.edu/privacy/mining/study.php [Accessed: 02 March 2017]. Fule, Peter. Detecting Privacy and Ethical Sensitivity in Data Mining Results. Available at: http://crpit.com/confpapers/CRPITV26Fule.pdf Liu, Bing. (2011). Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents, and Usage Data, Springer MARR, Bernard.17 Internet Of Things Facts Everyone Should Read (2015). Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2015/10/27/17-mind-blowing-internet-of-things-facts-everyone-should-read/#5e463ad01a7a [Accessed: 01 March 2017]. Wahlstrom, Kirsten (2006). On the Ethical and Legal Implications of Data Mining. Available at: https://csem.flinders.edu.au/research/techreps/SIE06001.pdf Witten, Ian H (2013). Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann. Zhen, Ethical issues in Web Data Mining. Available at:http://blog.nus.edu.sg/group208/2012/11/25/ethical-issues-in-web-data-mining/ [Accessed: 01 March 2017].